{"id":865,"date":"2026-06-15T10:41:56","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T10:41:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/blog\/?p=865"},"modified":"2026-06-15T10:41:58","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T10:41:58","slug":"mixed-methods-research","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/blog\/mixed-methods-research\/","title":{"rendered":"Mixed Methods Research: Definition, Guide, Designs, Tools, Examples"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Mixed methods research is one of the most widely used approaches in health, nursing, education, social science, and user experience research. This guide explains what mixed methods research is, why and how it is used, the main designs and tools available, and how to plan, conduct, and report a mixed methods study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Contents<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><a href=\"#_Toc232432286\">Glossary of Key Terms<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#_Toc232432287\">What Is Mixed Methods Research?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#_Toc232432288\">Why Do Researchers Combine Qualitative and Quantitative Methods?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#_Toc232432289\">What Are the Core Mixed Methods Research Designs?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#_Toc232432290\">Advanced or Complex Mixed Methods Designs<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#_Toc232432291\">How Does Data Integration Work in Mixed Methods Research?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#_Toc232432292\">Which Philosophical Paradigms Support Mixed Methods Research?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#_Toc232432293\">How Do You Plan and Conduct a Mixed Methods Study?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#_Toc232432294\">What Sampling Strategies Apply to Mixed Methods Research?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#_Toc232432295\">What Data Collection and Analysis Methods Are Commonly Used?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#_Toc232432296\">How Does Triangulation Strengthen Mixed Methods Research?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#_Toc232432297\">Advantages and Challenges of Mixed Methods Research<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#_Toc232432298\">How Do You Ensure Validity and Reliability in Mixed Methods Research?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#_Toc232432299\">Ethical Considerations in Mixed Methods Research<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#_Toc232432300\">How Should You Report Mixed Methods Research?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#_Toc232432301\">Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#_Toc232432302\">The JBI Critical Appraisal Tools<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#_Toc232432303\">What Tools and Software Support Mixed Methods Research?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#_Toc232432304\">How Is Mixed Methods Research Used in Health, Nursing, and UX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#_Toc232432305\">Common Mistakes in Mixed Methods Research<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#_Toc232432306\">Key Takeaways<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#_Toc232432307\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2><a id=\"_Toc232432286\">Glossary of Key Terms<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The following terms appear throughout this guide and are useful to understand before reading further.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Mixed methods research: <\/strong>An approach that intentionally collects, analyzes, and integrates both qualitative and quantitative data within a single study to answer one overarching research question.<\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/article\/what-is-qualitative-research-methods-types-examples\/\">Qualitative research<\/a>: <\/strong>Research that collects non-numeric data, such as words, images, or observations, to explore experiences, meanings, and context.<\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/article\/what-is-quantitative-research-types-and-examples\/\">Quantitative research<\/a>: <\/strong>Research that collects numeric data and uses statistical analysis to test hypotheses, measure variables, and identify patterns.<\/li><li><strong>Integration: <\/strong>The point or points in a study where qualitative and quantitative data, analyses, or findings are deliberately brought together rather than reported separately.<\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/article\/triangulation-definition-methods-examples\/\">Triangulation<\/a>: <\/strong>The use of multiple methods, data sources, investigators, or theories to examine the same question and strengthen the credibility of findings.<\/li><li><strong>Meta-inference: <\/strong>A conclusion generated by combining the separate inferences drawn from the qualitative and quantitative strands of a study.<\/li><li><strong>Joint display: <\/strong>A table or visual that presents qualitative and quantitative findings side by side to show how they relate to each other.<\/li><li><strong>Convergent design: <\/strong>A design in which qualitative and quantitative data are collected around the same time, analyzed separately, then compared.<\/li><li><strong>Explanatory sequential design: <\/strong>A design that begins with quantitative data collection and analysis, followed by qualitative data that helps explain the quantitative results.<\/li><li><strong>Exploratory sequential design: <\/strong>A design that begins with qualitative data collection, then uses those findings to build and test a quantitative instrument.<\/li><li><strong>Embedded design: <\/strong>A design in which one data type plays a supporting role within a study that is primarily quantitative or qualitative.<\/li><li><strong>Multimethod research: <\/strong>A study that uses multiple qualitative methods or multiple quantitative methods, but not both; this differs from mixed methods research.<\/li><li><strong>Saturation: <\/strong>The point in qualitative data collection at which new data no longer reveal new themes or insights.<\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/article\/what-is-a-research-paradigm-types-examples\/\">Paradigm:<\/a> <\/strong>A set of beliefs about the nature of reality and knowledge that guides how a researcher approaches a study, such as pragmatism or transformative perspectives.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2><a id=\"_Toc232432287\">What Is Mixed Methods Research?<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mixed methods research combines qualitative and quantitative data within one study to answer a single research question more completely than either method alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rather than simply collecting two types of data and reporting them side by side, mixed methods research requires the researcher to integrate the data, analyses, or findings at some point in the study. This integration is what distinguishes mixed methods research from a study that merely happens to contain both a survey and some interviews.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The approach has roots going back to Campbell and Fiske in 1959, who recommended combining methods to validate findings and reduce bias. It gained wider acceptance through the work of Jick in 1979 and later through Creswell and Plano Clark, who described mixed methods research as a methodology in which the investigator gathers quantitative and qualitative data, integrates the two, and draws meta-inferences from that integration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Today, mixed methods research is widely used in health sciences, nursing, education, social sciences, and user experience research, particularly when a topic is complex, multidisciplinary, or involves both measurable outcomes and lived experiences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><a id=\"_Toc232432288\">Why Do Researchers Combine Qualitative and Quantitative Methods?<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Researchers combine methods because quantitative data show what is happening and at what scale, while qualitative data reveal why it happens and how people experience it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quantitative methods are strong at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/blog\/what-are-explanatory-and-response-variables-in-statistical-analysis\/\">measuring variables<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/blog\/hypothesis-testing-different-types-for-biomedical-researchers\/\">testing hypotheses<\/a>, and generalizing to larger populations, but they cannot always explain unexpected results. Qualitative methods are strong at capturing meaning, context, and nuance, but findings from small samples may not generalize on their own. Mixed methods research uses each approach to offset the other&#8217;s weaknesses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><td><strong>Common Rationale<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>What It Adds to the Study<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Obtain multiple perspectives<\/td><td>Helps validate findings by checking whether different data sources agree with each other.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Build comprehensive understanding<\/td><td>Captures both the scope of an issue and the depth of experience behind it.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Explain statistical results<\/td><td>Uses qualitative data to interpret unexpected, unclear, or surprising quantitative findings.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Contextualize measures<\/td><td>Helps adapt or develop measures that fit the population or setting being studied.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Track a process<\/td><td>Follows how a program, intervention, or change unfolds over time.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Study patient-centered or stakeholder outcomes<\/td><td>Brings in the perspectives of the people most affected by the research.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2><a id=\"_Toc232432289\">What Are the Core Mixed Methods Research Designs?<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The three core mixed methods designs are convergent, explanatory sequential, and exploratory sequential; a closely related design, embedded, nests one data type inside the other.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><td><strong>Design<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Timing<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Best Used When<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Example<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Convergent parallel<\/td><td>Qualitative and quantitative data collected around the same time, analyzed separately, then compared<\/td><td>Both data types can stand on their own yet inform the same question<\/td><td>Comparing survey ratings of a product with interview comments about the same features<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Explanatory sequential<\/td><td>Quantitative data collected and analyzed first; qualitative data collected second to explain the results<\/td><td>Numeric results raise questions that numbers alone cannot answer<\/td><td>Following an A or B test with usability interviews to learn why one design performed better<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Exploratory sequential<\/td><td>Qualitative data collected first, then used to build a quantitative tool tested with a larger sample<\/td><td>The topic is new, unfamiliar, or lacks an established measure<\/td><td>Using interviews to identify themes, then building a survey to test those themes nationally<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Embedded<\/td><td>One data type plays a supporting role within a study that is primarily the other type<\/td><td>Extra context is needed without changing the main study design<\/td><td>Adding open ended questions to a mainly quantitative clinical trial to capture patient experience<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3>Convergent Parallel Design<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In this design, both strands are collected during the same general timeframe and analyzed independently. A side-by-side comparison then reveals where the results agree, diverge, or complement each other. It is efficient because neither strand depends on the other&#8217;s results, although it requires resources to run both at once.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Explanatory Sequential Design<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This two-phase design starts with quantitative data collection, often a survey or experiment, and identifies results that need further explanation, such as unexpected differences between groups. <a href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/article\/types-of-research-interviews\/\">Qualitative interviews or focus groups<\/a> in the second phase then explore the reasons behind those results.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Exploratory Sequential Design<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This design begins with an in-depth qualitative phase, often interviews or focus groups, to understand a topic, generate themes, or develop an instrument. In the Harvard Catalyst EQUALITY study, semi-structured interviews with patients and clinicians identified themes that were then used to build a national survey on collecting sexual orientation and gender identity data in emergency departments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Embedded Design<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In an embedded, or intervention, design, qualitative data is collected before, during, or after a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/blog\/types-of-experimental-research-designs\/\">quantitative experiment<\/a> to provide context for the trial&#8217;s results, while the experimental design remains the primary framework.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><a id=\"_Toc232432290\">Advanced or Complex Mixed Methods Designs<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Beyond the four core and embedded designs, researchers sometimes nest one or more core designs inside a larger framework to fit complex research programs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><td><strong>Design<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Description<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Multiphase design<\/td><td>Uses several core designs across multiple connected phases or projects, often within a larger program of research.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Transformative design<\/td><td>Embeds a social justice, equity, or participatory action framework around one or more core designs.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Intervention or experimental design<\/td><td>Adds qualitative data collection at one or more points before, during, or after a quantitative trial.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Participatory action research design<\/td><td>Centers community involvement throughout the study while core designs supply the qualitative and quantitative data.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2><a id=\"_Toc232432291\">How Does Data Integration Work in Mixed Methods Research?<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Integration is the deliberate process of combining qualitative and quantitative data, analyses, or findings so that each strand informs the other rather than standing alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Integration can occur at three points in a study. During <a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/blog\/data-collection-methods-for-medical-and-life-sciences-researchers\/\">data collection<\/a>, researchers might embed open ended questions inside a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/blog\/questionnaire-survey-research\/\">survey<\/a>. During analysis, researchers might convert qualitative themes into counts, or use quantitative results to select which qualitative cases to examine in depth. During interpretation, researchers often build a joint display, a table that lines up quantitative results next to related qualitative quotes or themes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Common integration strategies include merging two datasets for comparison, connecting one dataset to build the other, and embedding one dataset within the other. The result of integration is a meta-inference: a conclusion that draws on both strands and goes beyond what either could show alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><a id=\"_Toc232432292\">Which Philosophical Paradigms Support Mixed Methods Research?<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pragmatism is the paradigm most often associated with mixed-methods research, since it focuses on what works to answer the research question rather than committing to one worldview.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Other paradigms used in mixed methods research include dialectical pluralism, which holds multiple paradigms in tension throughout a study, and the transformative paradigm, which centers social justice and the needs of marginalized groups. Some researchers pair postpositivist assumptions for the quantitative strand with constructivist assumptions for the qualitative strand within the same overall study, reflecting the dual nature of the approach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><a id=\"_Toc232432293\">How Do You Plan and Conduct a Mixed Methods Study?<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Planning a mixed methods study starts with one overarching research question, which is then broken into quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods sub-questions before a design is chosen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Harvard Catalyst&#8217;s Community Engagement Program recommends starting with five key questions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>What do you want to know?<\/li><li>What detailed quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research questions will help you address that?<\/li><li>What quantitative and qualitative data will you collect and analyze?<\/li><li>Which rigorous methods will you use to collect data or engage stakeholders?<\/li><li>How will you integrate the data in a way that addresses the first question?<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>From there, a mixed methods study generally follows these steps:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol type=\"1\"><li>Define the overarching <a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/how-to-choose-a-research-question\">research question<\/a> and justify why a mixed methods approach is needed.<\/li><li>Choose a <a href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/article\/what-is-research-design-types-examples\/\">core design,<\/a> such as convergent, explanatory sequential, exploratory sequential, or embedded.<\/li><li>Plan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/sampling-methods-and-techniques-in-research-a-comprehensive-guide\">sampling<\/a> and recruitment for each strand of the study.<\/li><li>Collect quantitative and qualitative data according to the chosen sequence or timing.<\/li><li>Analyze each strand using methods appropriate to that type of data.<\/li><li>Integrate findings, often using a joint display or similar visual.<\/li><li>Draw meta-inferences and report the results for both strands and their integration.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2><a id=\"_Toc232432294\">What Sampling Strategies Apply to Mixed Methods Research?<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mixed methods sampling decisions cover whether the same people take part in both strands, and whether sampling is probability based, purposive, or a combination of the two.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Identical samples: <\/strong>the same participants provide both quantitative and qualitative data.<\/li><li><strong>Parallel samples: <\/strong>different participants from the same population provide each type of data.<\/li><li><strong>Nested samples: <\/strong>qualitative participants are a subset of the larger quantitative sample.<\/li><li><strong>Multilevel samples: <\/strong>data is collected from different levels, such as patients and providers, within the same study.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Quantitative strands often use probability sampling, such as simple random, systematic, or stratified sampling, while qualitative strands more often use purposive sampling guided by inclusion and exclusion criteria, with data collection continuing until saturation is reached.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><a id=\"_Toc232432295\">What Data Collection and Analysis Methods Are Commonly Used?<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Quantitative strands typically rely on surveys, experiments, and existing datasets analyzed with statistics, while qualitative strands rely on interviews, focus groups, and observations analyzed thematically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><td><strong>Strand<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Common Data Collection<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Common Analysis<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Quantitative<\/td><td>Surveys, structured observations, experiments, secondary datasets<\/td><td>Descriptive and inferential statistics, regression, hypothesis testing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Qualitative<\/td><td>Semi-structured interviews, focus groups, open ended survey items, document review<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/article\/what-is-thematic-analysis-and-how-to-do-it-with-examples\/\">Thematic analysis<\/a>, content analysis, grounded theory coding, <a href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/article\/what-is-discourse-analysis-steps-tips-examples\/\">discourse analysis<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mixed or integrated<\/td><td>Joint displays, data transformation between word based and number based formats<\/td><td>Meta-inference, side by side comparison of quantitative and qualitative results<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2><a id=\"_Toc232432296\">How Does Triangulation Strengthen Mixed Methods Research?<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Triangulation strengthens mixed methods research by checking whether different methods, data sources, investigators, or theories lead to similar conclusions about the same question.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><td><strong>Type of Triangulation<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>What It Involves<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Methodological<\/td><td>Using both qualitative and quantitative methods to study the same issue.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data<\/td><td>Collecting data at different times, places, or from different groups of people.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Investigator<\/td><td>Having multiple researchers analyze the same data and compare interpretations.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Theoretical<\/td><td>Applying different theoretical perspectives to interpret the same data.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Analytical<\/td><td>Using different analytical approaches or models to examine the same dataset.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>When results from different methods converge, confidence in the findings grows. When they diverge, the divergence often points to something that deserves further investigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><a id=\"_Toc232432297\">Advantages and Challenges of Mixed Methods Research<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mixed methods research offers a more rounded view of a problem, but this comes with practical tradeoffs that researchers should weigh before starting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><td><strong>Advantages<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Challenges<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Provides a more complete picture than either method alone<\/td><td>Requires skills in both qualitative and quantitative methods<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Helps explain unexpected or contradictory results<\/td><td>Takes more time, funding, and personnel than single method studies<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Strengthens validity through triangulation<\/td><td>Integration can be difficult to plan and carry out well<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Useful for complex, multidisciplinary, or applied questions<\/td><td>Some journals and reviewers are less familiar with mixed methods standards<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Opens access to additional funding and publication opportunities<\/td><td>Risk of treating one strand as an afterthought rather than fully integrating it<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2><a id=\"_Toc232432298\">How Do You Ensure Validity and Reliability in Mixed Methods Research?<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/blog\/reliability-vs-validity-in-research-types-differences-examples\/\">Validity and reliability<\/a> in mixed methods research, sometimes called legitimation, require meeting quality standards for each strand individually and for the integration between them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For the quantitative strand, this means standard concerns such as internal and external validity, instrument reliability, and an appropriate sample size. For the qualitative strand, it means credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. For the mixed methods design as a whole, researchers should confirm that the design fits the research question, that data collection and analysis followed the chosen design, and that the integration and resulting meta-inferences are well supported by both strands rather than by one strand alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><a id=\"_Toc232432299\">Ethical Considerations in Mixed Methods Research<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Voluntary participation and informed consent must be obtained for both the quantitative and qualitative components, which may involve separate consent forms.<\/li><li>Confidentiality and anonymity need extra attention when qualitative quotes could make a participant identifiable.<\/li><li>Researchers should consider the potential for harm when exploring sensitive topics through interviews or focus groups.<\/li><li>Results communication should reflect both strands fairly, without overemphasizing the data type that supports a preferred conclusion.<\/li><li>Institutional review boards may need to review both strands, especially when sample sizes or procedures change as the study develops.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2><a id=\"_Toc232432300\">How Should You Report Mixed Methods Research?<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The APA Journal Article Reporting Standards for Mixed Methods, known as JARS-Mixed, describe what to include in each section of a manuscript that combines qualitative and quantitative data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><td><strong>Manuscript Section<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>What to Report<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Title and abstract<\/td><td>Indicate that the study uses mixed methods, name the design, and avoid wording that signals only a qualitative or only a quantitative study.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/4-step-approach-to-writing-the-introduction-section-of-a-research-paper\">Introduction<\/a><\/td><td>State the research questions for each strand and for the integration, and justify why mixed methods are needed.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/how-to-write-the-methods-section-of-a-research-paper\">Method<\/a><\/td><td>Describe the design, sampling, data collection, and analysis for each strand, plus the approach used for integration.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/how-to-write-the-results-section\">Results<\/a><\/td><td>Present findings from each strand and the integrated or meta-inference results, often using a joint display.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/six-steps-to-write-an-effective-discussion\">Discussion<\/a><\/td><td>Interpret how the qualitative and quantitative findings relate to each other and to the original research question.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>JARS-Mixed is used alongside the existing qualitative (JARS-Qual) and quantitative (JARS-Quant) standards, since a mixed methods manuscript must satisfy the reporting expectations of both traditions as well as the additional expectations for integration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><a id=\"_Toc232432301\">Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT)<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, known as the MMAT, is a single checklist used to judge the methodological quality of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies included in a systematic review.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It was originally developed in 2006 and most recently updated in 2018 by Hong and colleagues. The MMAT was created because reviewers combining qualitative and quantitative evidence in a systematic mixed studies review previously had to learn and apply several separate appraisal tools, one for each study design. The MMAT brings these into one tool, which saves time and creates a consistent appraisal process across an entire review.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Structure of the MMAT 2018<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The tool has two parts:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Two screening questions, asked of every study, covering whether the research questions are clear and whether the collected data address those questions.<\/li><li>Five core quality criteria for each of five categories of study design.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The five categories are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Qualitative studies<\/li><li>Randomized controlled trials<\/li><li>Nonrandomized studies<\/li><li>Quantitative descriptive studies<\/li><li>Mixed methods studies<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Each category has its own set of five criteria, answered as &#8220;yes,&#8221; &#8220;no,&#8221; or &#8220;cannot tell.&#8221; For example, the qualitative category asks whether the data collection methods are adequate to address the research question, and whether the findings are adequately derived from the data. The mixed methods category asks whether the different components of the study are effectively integrated to answer the research question, and whether the integration of qualitative and quantitative results is adequately interpreted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>How Is the MMAT Applied?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Reviewers first identify the design category that best matches each included study.<\/li><li>For mixed methods studies, reviewers are advised to appraise three sets of criteria: the qualitative criteria, the criteria for the relevant quantitative category, and the mixed methods criteria, since a mixed methods study needs to be assessed on each of its components as well as on the integration between them.<\/li><li>Two independent reviewers usually complete the appraisal and resolve any disagreements through discussion.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3>Scoring in the MMAT<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A notable change in the 2018 version is that the overall numerical quality score was removed. Earlier versions calculated a single percentage score, but the developers found that this could hide important quality issues within specific criteria. The current guidance is to report ratings for each of the five criteria individually, rather than collapsing them into one number, so that readers can see exactly where a study is strong or weak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Why It Matters for Mixed Methods Research<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The MMAT is particularly relevant for systematic mixed studies reviews, which combine evidence from qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods primary studies on the same topic. Because it was built around the needs of mixed methods evidence synthesis, it remains one of the few widely used appraisal tools that can assess all three types of study within a single framework, rather than treating mixed methods studies as an afterthought.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><a id=\"_Toc232432302\">The JBI Critical Appraisal Tools<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The JBI Critical Appraisal Tools are a family of checklists, developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute, used to assess the methodological quality and risk of bias of studies before they are included in a systematic review.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rather than offering one universal checklist, JBI provides a separate, design specific tool for each major type of study. This reflects the idea that the sources of bias in, for example, a randomized controlled trial are different from the sources of bias in a qualitative study or a case report, so each design needs its own set of questions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Main JBI Checklists<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>JBI offers critical appraisal checklists for the following study types:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Randomized controlled trials<\/li><li>Quasi-experimental, or nonrandomized, studies<\/li><li>Cohort studies<\/li><li>Case control studies<\/li><li>Analytical cross sectional studies<\/li><li>Prevalence studies<\/li><li>Diagnostic test accuracy studies<\/li><li>Case reports<\/li><li>Case series<\/li><li>Qualitative research<\/li><li>Economic evaluations<\/li><li>Text and opinion papers<\/li><li>Systematic reviews and research syntheses<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3>How the Checklists Work<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Each checklist consists of a series of questions answered as &#8220;yes,&#8221; &#8220;no,&#8221; &#8220;unclear,&#8221; or &#8220;not applicable,&#8221; focusing on areas such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>How participants or cases were selected and whether groups were comparable<\/li><li>Whether exposures, interventions, or phenomena of interest were measured in a valid and reliable way<\/li><li>Whether confounding factors were identified and addressed<\/li><li>Whether outcomes were measured consistently and appropriately<\/li><li>Whether the statistical or analytical methods used were appropriate<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>For qualitative research, the checklist instead asks about the congruence between the stated philosophical perspective, research question, methods of data collection, representation of data, and interpretation of results, along with whether the researcher&#8217;s own influence on the study is addressed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Relevance to Mixed Methods Reviews<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In a mixed methods systematic review, the JBI approach is to apply the separate quantitative and qualitative checklists to the corresponding parts of each included study, since JBI does not currently offer one combined mixed methods checklist in the way that the MMAT does. This means a single mixed methods primary study might be appraised twice: once against the relevant quantitative checklist, such as the cohort or cross sectional tool, and once against the qualitative checklist, with the results reported together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>The Systematic Review Checklist<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The JBI checklist for systematic reviews and research syntheses is also widely used on its own, particularly for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/blog\/umbrella-review\/\">umbrella reviews<\/a> that bring together findings from multiple systematic reviews. It asks eleven questions covering the clarity of the review question, the appropriateness of the inclusion criteria, the search strategy, the methods used to assess study quality, and the methods used to combine findings, with the final questions focusing on the overall conclusions drawn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Why It Matters for Mixed Methods Research<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Because the JBI tools are design-specific rather than approach-specific, they give reviewers detailed, tailored questions for each study type, which can produce a more thorough appraisal of each strand of a mixed methods study than a single generic checklist would. The tradeoff is that reviewers need to become familiar with several different checklists rather than one, and must decide for themselves how to weigh and report the separate qualitative and quantitative appraisal results for the same study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><a id=\"_Toc232432303\">What Tools and Software Support Mixed Methods Research?<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mixed methods research typically uses qualitative analysis software for coding text, statistical software for numeric analysis, and survey platforms for collecting both types of data together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><td><strong>Tool<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Best For<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Type<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>ATLAS.ti<\/td><td>Coding qualitative data and exporting it for statistical analysis<\/td><td>Qualitative analysis software<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NVivo<\/td><td>Organizing and coding interviews, focus groups, and documents<\/td><td>Qualitative analysis software<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MAXQDA<\/td><td>Combining qualitative coding with quantitative data in one project<\/td><td>Mixed methods software<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SPSS, R, or Stata<\/td><td>Statistical analysis of quantitative and converted qualitative data<\/td><td>Statistical software<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Survey platforms<\/td><td>Collecting structured quantitative data alongside open ended responses<\/td><td>Data collection software<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2><a id=\"_Toc232432304\">How Is Mixed Methods Research Used in Health, Nursing, and UX?<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mixed methods research is widely used in health and nursing to study complex care problems, and in UX research to connect measurable behavior with the reasons behind it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In nursing and health research, mixed methods help explore diverse perspectives and uncover relationships in complex care situations, producing evidence that applies more broadly across diverse practice settings. Growth has been especially notable in nursing, epidemiology, and pre-hospital care, where complex clinical problems benefit from combining numeric outcomes with patient and provider perspectives. Health researchers are encouraged to develop skills in both quantitative and qualitative methods, plus the additional skill set needed to bring two datasets together in a way that offers greater insight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In UX research, mixed methods connect quantitative benchmarking, such as task completion rates from a usability study, with qualitative usability testing that explains why users struggled with particular tasks. For example, a team redesigning a hotel booking website might run a quantitative benchmark study first to measure task success and completion times, then focus a follow-up qualitative usability test on the specific tasks where users struggled most, so the qualitative findings explain the quantitative results.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><a id=\"_Toc232432305\">Common Mistakes in Mixed Methods Research<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mixed methods studies fail or get rejected for predictable reasons, most of which trace back to weak integration or insufficient planning. The following subsections expand on the most frequent mistakes researchers make.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Treating Integration as an Afterthought<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Adding a few open-ended questions to a survey, or running a handful of interviews alongside a quantitative study, does not make a study mixed methods on its own. Without a deliberate plan for how the two datasets will be brought together, the qualitative and quantitative components simply sit next to each other rather than answering one shared question.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Choosing a Design After Data Collection Has Started<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Selecting a convergent, explanatory sequential, or exploratory sequential design only after data has already been gathered limits how well the strands can be integrated. The design should be chosen at the planning stage, since it determines sampling, timing, and the questions asked in each phase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Underresourcing One Strand<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Researchers with a quantitative background often give the qualitative strand fewer participants, less time, or less rigorous analysis, and the reverse can happen with researchers trained mainly in qualitative methods. Both strands need to meet the quality standards of their own tradition, or the weaker strand will undermine the credibility of the whole study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Reporting Findings in Parallel Without Connecting Them<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A common pattern is to present quantitative results in one section and qualitative results in another, with no discussion of how they relate. Readers are left to do the integration themselves, even though that integration is the main reason for using mixed methods in the first place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Ignoring or Glossing Over Divergent Findings<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>When the qualitative and quantitative results do not agree, some researchers quietly drop the inconvenient finding rather than exploring the disagreement. Divergence between strands is often the most informative part of a mixed methods study and deserves direct discussion rather than omission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Underestimating Time, Cost, and Expertise<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Mixed methods studies require two distinct protocols, two participant groups or one shared group studied twice, and skills in both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Researchers who plan timelines and budgets as if running a single method study often find themselves unable to complete both strands to a high standard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Mismatching Sample Sizes or Sampling Logic<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Applying the same sampling logic to both strands, such as recruiting a small <a href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/article\/what-is-purposive-sampling-methods-techniques-and-examples\/\">purposive sample<\/a> and then trying to run <a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/blog\/guide-to-types-of-inferential-statistics-for-biomedical-researchers\/\">inferential statistics<\/a> on it, weakens the quantitative results. Each strand needs a sampling approach suited to its own analysis, even when the same participants are involved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Failing to Justify the Mixed Methods Approach<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Reviewers, journal editors, and dissertation committees often ask why a single method study would not have been sufficient. Without a clear rationale tied to the research question, such as needing both the scale of survey data and the depth of interview data, the choice of mixed methods can look arbitrary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Using a Weak or Mismatched Research Question<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>If the overarching research question does not actually require both numeric and narrative evidence, the mixed methods design has nothing to integrate. A strong mixed methods question explicitly points to a gap that neither a purely qualitative nor a purely quantitative approach could close on its own.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Skipping a Joint Display or Other Integration Visual<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Without a joint display, meta-matrix, or similar visual tool, it becomes difficult to show readers exactly how the qualitative and quantitative findings line up. Omitting this step often results in integration that is described in words but never actually demonstrated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><a id=\"_Toc232432306\">Key Takeaways<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Mixed methods research intentionally combines and integrates qualitative and quantitative data to answer one research question, not just collect two types of data side by side.<\/li><li>The four most common designs are convergent, explanatory sequential, exploratory sequential, and embedded; advanced designs include transformative and multiphase designs.<\/li><li>Integration can happen during data collection, analysis, or interpretation, and the resulting conclusions are called meta-inferences.<\/li><li>Pragmatism is the most common philosophical paradigm associated with mixed methods research.<\/li><li>Sampling strategies include identical, parallel, nested, and multilevel samples, combining probability and purposive approaches.<\/li><li>Triangulation, including methodological, data, investigator, theoretical, and analytical types, strengthens the credibility of findings.<\/li><li>Mixed methods research requires more time, resources, and skills than single method research, and must justify this added effort.<\/li><li>Validity and reliability must be addressed for the quantitative strand, the qualitative strand, and the integration between them.<\/li><li>Mixed methods research is widely used in health, nursing, education, and UX research to combine measurable outcomes with the reasons behind them.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2><a id=\"_Toc232432307\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3>Is mixed methods research harder to get published than single method studies?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>It can be, since some reviewers are more familiar with purely qualitative or purely quantitative work and may be unsure how to evaluate integration. Choosing journals that explicitly welcome mixed methods, and following standards such as JARS-Mixed, can help.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Do I need to be an expert in statistics and qualitative coding to do mixed methods research?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>You need at least working competence in both, or access to collaborators who cover the gap. Many researchers strengthen one skill set, such as qualitative coding, before starting a mixed methods project, since rigor in both strands is expected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>How long does a mixed methods study take compared with a single method study?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Mixed methods studies generally take longer, because they involve two distinct protocols, participant groups, and analysis processes, plus time for integration. Sequential designs take extra time since one phase must finish before the next begins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Can one researcher complete a mixed methods dissertation without a team?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Yes, many students complete mixed methods dissertations alone, although it requires careful time management and, often, support from a supervisor or committee member with expertise in the strand the student finds less familiar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>What sample size do I need for the quantitative and qualitative strands?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>There is no single number. Quantitative strands generally need samples large enough for the planned statistical tests, while qualitative strands are guided by saturation, the point at which new interviews stop revealing new themes, rather than a fixed target.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Is mixed methods research the same as just adding open-ended questions to a survey?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>No. Adding open-ended questions can be one small part of a mixed methods study, but the approach also requires a clear design, planned integration, and analysis that connects the qualitative and quantitative results to answer one shared question.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Which design works best for a thesis with a tight deadline?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Convergent parallel designs are often more time efficient for tight deadlines, since both strands are collected around the same time rather than waiting for one phase to finish before starting the next, as sequential designs require. However, for a <a href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/article\/thesis-structure-outline-writing-tips\/\">thesis<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/blog\/what-is-a-dissertation-best-practices\/\">dissertation<\/a>, it may be most efficient to stick to either quantitative or qualitative research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Can I switch my design partway through if the data does not turn out as expected?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Some flexibility is normal, particularly in exploratory work where early qualitative findings shape later quantitative tools. However, major changes should be documented and justified, since reviewers and committees expect a clear rationale for the final design used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>How can I find peer reviewers for my mixed methods study?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Look for reviewers who have published mixed methods work themselves, since they are more likely to evaluate both strands and the integration fairly. Many journals allow authors to suggest reviewers during submission, so naming researchers with relevant qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods expertise, or a methodologist from a mixed methods special interest group, can improve the quality of feedback you receive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>A peer reviewer gave feedback without understanding one strand of my mixed methods study. What can I do?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This is a common experience, since many reviewers are trained primarily in one tradition. In your response to reviewers, politely clarify the methodological standards that apply to the strand in question, citing established mixed methods or qualitative or quantitative sources, and ask the editor whether an additional reviewer with relevant expertise could be consulted if the misunderstanding affects a major recommendation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Mixed methods research is one of the most widely used approaches in health, nursing, education, social science, and user experience research. This guide explains what mixed methods research is, why and how it is used, the main designs and tools available, and how to plan, conduct, and report a mixed methods study. Contents Glossary of [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ayudawp_aiss_exclude":false,"_ayudawp_aiss_summary":"Multimethod research: A study that uses multiple qualitative methods or multiple quantitative methods, but not both; this differs from mixed methods research. Planning a mixed methods study starts with one overarching research question, which is then broken into quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods sub-questions before a design is chosen. For mixed methods studies, reviewers are advised to appraise three sets of criteria: the qualitative criteria, the criteria for the relevant quantitative category, and the mixed methods criteria, since a mixed methods study needs to be assessed on each of its components as well as on the integration between them.","_ayudawp_aiss_summary_provider":"extractive","_ayudawp_aiss_summary_hash":"c2673fe55f9ed534777ae9dd802c9cb173aea4b6"},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Mixed Methods Research: Definition, Guide, Designs, Tools, Examples | Editage<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about different designs in mixed methods research (e.g., convergent, sequential), the MMAT tool, integration of strands.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/blog\/mixed-methods-research\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mixed Methods Research: Definition, Guide, Designs, Tools, Examples | Editage\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn about different designs in mixed methods research (e.g., convergent, sequential), the MMAT tool, integration of strands.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/blog\/mixed-methods-research\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Educational Articles For Researchers, Students And Authors - Editage Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-15T10:41:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-15T10:41:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Marisha Rodrigues\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Marisha Rodrigues\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"24 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/blog\/mixed-methods-research\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/blog\/mixed-methods-research\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Marisha Rodrigues\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/60d7626072744221b2260692486b6ff1\"},\"headline\":\"Mixed Methods Research: Definition, Guide, Designs, Tools, Examples\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-15T10:41:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-15T10:41:58+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/blog\/mixed-methods-research\/\"},\"wordCount\":5275,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Get Published\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/blog\/mixed-methods-research\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/blog\/mixed-methods-research\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/blog\/mixed-methods-research\/\",\"name\":\"Mixed Methods Research: Definition, Guide, Designs, Tools, Examples | Editage\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-15T10:41:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-15T10:41:58+00:00\",\"description\":\"Learn about different designs in mixed methods research (e.g., convergent, sequential), the MMAT tool, integration of strands.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/blog\/mixed-methods-research\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/blog\/mixed-methods-research\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/blog\/mixed-methods-research\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Mixed Methods Research: Definition, Guide, Designs, Tools, Examples\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Educational Articles For Researchers, Students And Authors - Editage Blog\",\"description\":\"Get insightful educational articles from the world of academia for researchers, students and authors. 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