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Grammar & Language

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Many authors struggle with the usage of tenses in their research paper. This post discusses tense usage in specific sections of the manuscript to help authors write with…
Getting the tenses right: Materials and methods section
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In writing to academics and scientists, perhaps the solution is simple enough: use Dear Dr Tanaka or Dr Smith or whatever surname or family name your correspondent has…
Scientific communication: Using "Dear Mr." or "Dear Ms." in letters
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Manuscript writing requires authors to take into account subtle differences in language usage. In keeping with this, the author of this article explains how the terms …
Scientific writing: Difference in meaning of "about," "around," and "approximately"
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Many non-native English authors wish to improve their fluency in English to write better research papers and target international journals. This article discusses how…
Reading progressively difficult texts can improve researchers' English language competency
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Headings or headlines are a special kind of text and are not as rigidly governed by conventions of punctuation. Read more...
Omit colons and full stops after headings in research papers
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Abbreviations are commonly used in research manuscripts as they can help make highly complex technical writing more concise and easier to read. However, they can also…
Common errors in the usage of abbreviations in scientific writing
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To choose the right word from a pair or a group of words with similar meaning, we may consult a dictionary of synonyms. However, there are words that are so similar in…
Scientific writing: Difference between "almost" and "nearly"
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Hyphens are of two kinds, accidental and intentional. 
Hyphenation: proceed with caution
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Authors often wonder when to use "woman" and "female" to keep scientific writing free of gender bias. This post provides guidance on using these terms effectively and…
When to use "woman" and "female" in scientific writing?
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This post offers some basic guidelines on choosing between upper case and lower case letters in scientific writing.