
{"id":7667,"date":"2023-09-29T11:02:07","date_gmt":"2023-09-29T11:02:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/podcast\/do-language-barriers-affect-the-quality-of-peer-review-feedback-interview-with-sin-wang-chong\/"},"modified":"2023-09-29T11:02:07","modified_gmt":"2023-09-29T11:02:07","slug":"do-language-barriers-affect-the-quality-of-peer-review-feedback-interview-with-sin-wang-chong","status":"publish","type":"podcast","link":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/do-language-barriers-affect-the-quality-of-peer-review-feedback-interview-with-sin-wang-chong","title":{"rendered":"Do language barriers affect the quality of peer review feedback? Interview with Sin Wang Chong"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">If you were asked to list the most important attributes one needs to have as a peer reviewer, what would they be? Very likely, you\u2019ll talk about subject matter expertise, critical-thinking skills, and the ability to provide a sound, objective assessment on the quality of research presented in a manuscript. Which are all, no doubt, imperative.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">But most of us rarely think of peer review as performing an important social function, as well as an intellectual one\u2014of supporting fellow researchers in your field and building collegial relationships through peer review feedback. That\u2019s where the concept of \u201cfeedback literacy\u201d comes in.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:105%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">In this interview series, I speak with <b>Professor Sin Wang Chong<\/b>, who has done <span class=\"MsoHyperlink\" style=\"color:blue\"><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/02602938.2022.2164757\" style=\"color:blue; text-decoration:underline\">extensive<\/a><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"MsoHyperlink\" style=\"color:blue\"><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/leap.1378\" style=\"color:blue; text-decoration:underline\">work<\/a><\/span><\/span> exploring the value of feedback literacy in scholarly peer review. This year\u2019s Peer Review Week focuses on the theme <i>Peer Review and the Future of Publishing<\/i>, and so, I ask Sin Wang how this particular social value of peer review can be strengthened and what direction he believes peer review should take in the future.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:105%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">In the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/why-peer-reviewers-should-develop-feedback-literacy-interview-with-sin-wang-chong\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">first segment<\/a>, Sin Wang describes what feedback literacy is and why it\u2019s important in peer review and scholarly publishing.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:105%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">In this second segment, we discuss how researchers from all linguistic backgrounds can learn to provide constructive feedback (even though English is the primary language used for global scholarly communication) and the potential ways AI can help peer reviewers improve their feedback quality ethically.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:105%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">In the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/re-imagining-peer-review-by-empowering-early-career-researchers-interview-with-sin-wang-chong\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">third segment<\/a>, Sin Wang talks about the importance of shaping the future of peer review based on the principles of inclusivity and empowerment, in particular, empowerment of early career researchers.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:105%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><b>About Sin Wang Chong:<\/b> Sin Wang is Director of Impact and Innovation at the International Education Institute, University of St Andrews, and Head of Evidence Synthesis at the National Institute of Teaching in England. Concurrently, he is a visiting and adjunct professor at a number of universities in Asia, England, and the United States.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:105%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">He is Chair of the Scottish Association for Teaching English as a Foreign Language (SATEFL) and\u00a0serves on the Council of the British Educational Research Association and the Executive Committee of the British Association for Applied Linguistics.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">Sin Wang\u2019s research interests are in evidence synthesis, educational assessment, language education, and higher education. He is Associate Editor of two SSCI-indexed journals: <i>Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching<\/i> and <i>Higher Education Research &amp; Development<\/i>. He is co-founder and co-director (with Shannon Mason) of <span class=\"MsoHyperlink\" style=\"color:blue\"><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scholarlypeers.com\/\" style=\"color:blue; text-decoration:underline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scholarly Peers<\/a><\/span><\/span>, a platform to support doctoral students and early career researchers to navigate journal peer review.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><b>[Audio transcript]<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><b><span style=\"color:#00b050\">Mriganka<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">A vast majority of researchers today come from non\u2013English-speaking backgrounds and most scholarly communication occurs in English, whether it\u2019s through academic manuscripts or interpersonal interactions. So how can both English-speaking and non\u2013English-speaking researchers take this into account and improve the way they receive and give feedback?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><b><span style=\"color:#0070c0\">Sin Wang<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">I think language is, as you said, is an important consideration. What I mean by language really is you know, the tone and the expressions and the kind of wordings more than, you know, the kind of linguistic accuracy or the kind of proficiency level. Of course, you need to be up to a certain proficiency level to be able to convey your idea.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">But I actually don\u2019t think that peer reviewers need to use very difficult, technical, and complex vocabulary or sentence patterns to write up their reports. Actually, I would prefer a report that is written in very plain and direct simple language. It may be in English or in other languages. So I just want to make that clear. When we talk about the language issue or the language barrier, I don\u2019t want to focus too much on the linguistic aspect of it.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">I really want to focus on the kind of socio-linguistic aspect of it or how we use the language in a professional manner. So there are different ways or different questions. I would like to share with listeners here that you can ask yourselves when you provide feedback or before you provide feedback to authors. Remember, we talked about feedback literacy at the very beginning of the interview, and I talk about three attributes of feedback literacy.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">The first one is understand the nature of feedback. The second one is to make judgment. The third one is to manage emotions. I\u2019m going to give you or share with you some prompting questions which we can use to kind of check whether our feedback is appropriate or useful. So in terms of understanding the nature of feedback, some questions we can ask ourselves include how can I determine my feedback focus or focuses?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">How can I provide feedback that is actionable, specific, and manageable? In order to do that, I have to list out the kind of areas that I would like to focus on and prioritize the areas. How can I provide feedback that facilitates authors\u2019 reflections? In my own practice as a reviewer, I often use questions a lot.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">So phrasing something as a question helps the authors to reflect on certain issues. Also it makes the whole conversation more kind of open-minded and, you know, more welcoming. The second aspect of feedback literacy is managing emotion. And under that I have a few questions that I would like us to ask ourselves.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">First, how can I show respect and appreciation to the author explicitly? The word here is \u201cexplicitly.\u201d I know a lot of peer reviewers, deep down, they show a lot of appreciation. They may be impressed, but they don\u2019t put it down in writing. And the problem with peer review is that you don\u2019t get to see the peer reviewer often or you don\u2019t even know who the peer reviewer is. So I think it\u2019s important to put down our respect, our appreciation, our praises very, very explicitly. Of course, it\u2019s not that kind of generic ones, but very specific and evidence-based. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">The second question is how can I direct my feedback to focus on the manuscript but not the author? How can I gain the author\u2019s trust by giving feedback in a professional manner? Again, the author doesn\u2019t know the identity of the peer reviewer, in most cases, in some disciplines, in particular. How can the authors know that the reviewer is somebody they can trust? They\u2019ve never met the person, never seen their faces, never talked to them. It\u2019s only through reading the words in the reports that the authors establish a kind of relationship with the peer reviewer, and that kind of trusting relationship is extremely important.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">Finally, how can I clarify my position as a peer reviewer and acknowledge the limitations of my perspective? This question I learned from one of the peer reviewers of one of my papers at the very end of their report, they mentioned that \u201cI came from this certain background. I use this methodology a lot, so my perspective is kind of coming from there and it may be very limited.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">So I was so impressed to see that. So acknowledging limitations as a peer reviewer. For example, you can say I\u2019m an expert of the methodology that you use, but I\u2019m not very familiar with the topic actually, or vice versa, so that when editors and authors read your feedback, they can kind of gauge what to focus on more.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">Finally, the last component of feedback literacy is making judgment, and I have a number of reflective questions for that as well. First, what are the expectations of the journal or the journals as stipulated in the authors guidelines? So we have to know what are the success criteria. How are these guidelines translated into practice as exemplified in some of the latest publications? <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">Because a lot of the criteria are designed to be vague and it\u2019s okay to be vague because they are designed to be applicable to all publications. But how do those guidelines translate into practice? So we have to look at some publications as examples. If you have published in the journal before, what did the reviewers and editors focus on? You can learn from their focuses.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">Finally, what do your colleagues who have published in the journal think? So these questions will help you think about the focuses and inform your judgment. I hope it\u2019s not too much of a list. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><b><span style=\"color:#00b050\">Mriganka<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">No, that\u2019s perfectly fine. I think&#8230;what I really appreciated about your perspective is how you talked about building trust with the author. That, you know, whether you are proficient in the language will not be as important as your intention. And I think that\u2019s what a lot of non\u2013English-speaking authors actually worry about, you know, one, whether their points are coming across clearly, but more importantly, is their intention coming across clearly through their feedback.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">So I think this is good assurance for them that if they focus on the main objective of why they\u2019re offering feedback, then everything else is fine, it will fall into place, and it\u2019s okay to not be proficient in the language. So that\u2019s really useful. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><b><span style=\"color:#0070c0\">Sin Wang<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">And I said something very quickly, Sorry.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">I think sometimes we think peer review feedback as something very technical and it is it can be very technical, but it\u2019s also a very kind of everyday-life kind of communication. So it\u2019s essentially communication, right? Essentially like how we are chatting right now, how you\u2019re chatting with a friend. So it\u2019s very daily-life and conversational actually. So I think if we have that in mind when we structure our feedback and put down our feedback, that would help a lot.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">We\u2019re not trying to showcase how much we understand about a topic. We\u2019re trying to help a friend, help a colleague to improve their work, and we want to make sure they understand our message. So simple language, simple approach, direct, positive. And I think that would be the way to go. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><b><span style=\"color:#00b050\">Mriganka<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">With AI tools being such a major topic of discussion in the past few months, what role do you see sophisticated tools like ChatGPT playing in improving the quality of reviewer comments\u2026the feedback quality of reviewer comments?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><b><span style=\"color:#0070c0\">Sin Wang<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">Yeah, I have, I have some ideas, but before that, just a few disclaimers I think that are that are important. First, personally, I think AI is a tool. It\u2019s a tool and AI cannot replace reviewers. Okay? AI is used with the right reason, for example, by reviewers who want to improve the quality of feedback, but not because they want to be irresponsible, right?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">And then I think AI can never write the review for the reviewers. AI can help refine the reviews and the review. But reviewers need to take the sole and ultimate responsibility of the content of their feedback. In other words, I think reviewers need to own the review they produce with or without the support of AI. And also, when appropriate, I think reviewers should acknowledge in their report the roles played by AI, if any.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">So these are a bunch of disclaimers I think that that are good to have before I share my views.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">So there are several ways I think AI like ChatGPT can be used in peer review. I think reviewers can kind of divide workload with AI a little bit. For example, reviewers can focus on the content of the feedback more, whereas AI can be used to kind of adjust the tone, the wordings, the clarity, the language, or the structure of the reviewers\u2019 report. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">We can also ask AI to paraphrase the written feedback that reviewers have produced to make it more positive or constructive. So it\u2019s about changing the tone or the wordings. We can also ask AI to present feedback in a more organized and comprehensive way. For example, we can ask ChatGPT to add headings, suggest headings, or restructure the feedback provided that I, as the peer reviewer has already written, the feedback.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">Also, based on journal publication criteria, we can ask AI to generate ideas that need to be covered in the feedback. For example, if you have a set of criteria, we can ask ChatGPT about five main areas that we have to cover in our report that align with the journal\u2019s expectations.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">So these are some of the ways I have I can think of and I have used some of these ways, but not all of them. But it\u2019s a topic that I think it\u2019s so new and it will never go away. So I think it\u2019s a very important topic for us to all think about. And again, it goes back to my disclaimer, the very beginning AI is a tool. And our responsibility as an academic, as a teacher, as a reviewer, as an editor is to think about an effective and meaningful way to help make things better.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":33313,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false},"new_categories":[],"new_tags":[],"series":[],"class_list":["post-7667","podcast","type-podcast","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Do language barriers affect the quality of peer review feedback? 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