
{"id":7671,"date":"2023-11-22T09:50:01","date_gmt":"2023-11-22T09:50:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/podcast\/what-are-the-characteristics-of-good-peer-reviewer-feedback-interview-with-sin-wang-chong\/"},"modified":"2023-11-22T09:50:01","modified_gmt":"2023-11-22T09:50:01","slug":"what-are-the-characteristics-of-good-peer-reviewer-feedback-interview-with-sin-wang-chong","status":"publish","type":"podcast","link":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/what-are-the-characteristics-of-good-peer-reviewer-feedback-interview-with-sin-wang-chong","title":{"rendered":"What are the characteristics of good peer reviewer feedback? Interview with Sin Wang Chong"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">If you were asked to list the most important attributes one needs to have as a peer reviewer, what would they be? Very likely, you\u2019ll talk about subject matter expertise, critical-thinking skills, and the ability to provide a sound, objective assessment on the quality of research presented in a manuscript. Which are all, no doubt, imperative.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">But most of us rarely think of peer review as performing an important social function, as well as an intellectual one\u2014of supporting fellow researchers in your field and building collegial relationships through peer review feedback. That\u2019s where the concept of \u201cfeedback literacy\u201d comes in.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:105%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">In an interview conducted to celebrate Peer Review Week a couple of months ago, I spoke with <b>Professor Sin Wang Chong<\/b>, who has done <span class=\"MsoHyperlink\" style=\"color:blue\"><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/02602938.2022.2164757\" style=\"color:blue; text-decoration:underline\">extensive<\/a><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"MsoHyperlink\" style=\"color:blue\"><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/leap.1378\" style=\"color:blue; text-decoration:underline\">work<\/a><\/span><\/span> exploring the value of feedback literacy in scholarly peer review. (Segments <a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/why-peer-reviewers-should-develop-feedback-literacy-interview-with-sin-wang-chong\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/do-language-barriers-affect-the-quality-of-peer-review-feedback-interview-with-sin-wang-chong\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/re-imagining-peer-review-by-empowering-early-career-researchers-interview-with-sin-wang-chong\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3<\/a> of this interview were published during Peer Review Week 2023<\/span><\/span><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">.<\/span><\/span><span style=\"line-height:105%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:105%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">In this additional segment that focuses on sharing practical tips for peer reviewers, Sin Wang talks about what makes peer reviewer feedback effective\u00a0(or ineffective), the factors that influence feedback quality, and how feedback quality can be improved.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:105%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><b>About Sin Wang Chong:<\/b> Sin Wang is Director of Impact and Innovation at the International Education Institute, University of St Andrews, and Head of Evidence Synthesis at the National Institute of Teaching in England. Concurrently, he is a visiting and adjunct professor at a number of universities in Asia, England, and the United States.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:105%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">He is Chair of the Scottish Association for Teaching English as a Foreign Language (SATEFL) and\u00a0serves on the Council of the British Educational Research Association and the Executive Committee of the British Association for Applied Linguistics.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Sin Wang\u2019s research interests are in evidence synthesis, educational assessment, language education, and higher education. He is Associate Editor of two SSCI-indexed journals: <i>Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching<\/i> and <i>Higher Education Research &amp; Development<\/i>. He is co-founder and co-director (with Shannon Mason) of <span class=\"MsoHyperlink\" style=\"color:blue\"><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scholarlypeers.com\/\" style=\"color:blue; text-decoration:underline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scholarly Peers<\/a><\/span><\/span>, a platform to support doctoral students and early career researchers to navigate journal peer review.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><b>[Audio transcript]<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><b><span style=\"color:#00b050\">Mriganka<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">Based on your research then, what are the characteristics of good reviewer feedback and poor reviewer feedback?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><b><span style=\"color:#0070c0\">Sin Wang<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">A number of characteristics for good reviewer feedback.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">First, I think professional peer review feedback is corrective, of course, but it\u2019s also constructive. So you don\u2019t want to just point out people\u2019s errors without giving suggestions for for people to improve. And more importantly, it\u2019s evidence-based and manuscript-focused. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">And what I mean is I don\u2019t want to put down a comment that says I feel like this is not good enough or, you know, I want it to be focusing on a particular section. Maybe I could refer to a particular paragraph of the manuscript. I\u2019ll be able to provide evidence. Maybe there are other scholars who are arguing against this method, for example. So I don\u2019t want to target the authors. I want to target or focus on the work itself. I think it\u2019s a very important distinction. And secondly, I want it to be about what the best professional judgment is, but not really what my personal preference is. As I shared earlier. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">Second, I think authors appreciate peer review feedback that is precise and detailed. So of course, sometimes we receive reviewers\u2019 report that\u2019s, you know, 10 pages long, 12 pages long. And I have mixed feelings about that kind of report as an author. I mean, on the one hand, I\u2019m really appreciative of the time the reviewers spent and, you know, devoted on reading my paper. On the other hand, I am very, very stressed because I have 10 pages or 12 pages of feedback to incorporate and consider.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">So being precise and detailed is very important, as well as providing specific and well-justified suggestions And I think suggestions sometimes can be vague. Suggestions, sometimes can be overly idealistic. For example, people may say, Can you redo this study again? And, you know, go back to the participants and collect the data again. Of course, these are suggestions, but are they actionable? And that\u2019s why I talked about actionable feedback earlier.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">Thirdly, I think while it\u2019s unavoidable that peer reviewers bring with them their own experiences, biases and views, and it\u2019s actually a positive thing, it\u2019s important for reviewers to remain objective when providing feedback and to be open-minded especially when it comes to, for example, new ways of conceptualizing things or new approaches to research.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">Another point, I would argue is, you know, good peer review feedback does not focus on every single problem in a manuscript, but points out the major concerns. Okay?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">The next feature is I think is about language and tone. So, so far what I have talked about concerns the content and the substance of the feedback. But I think equally important is to think about the language and tone. So peer reviewers need to have a good command of written English if the language of, you know, peer review is in English, to convey their messages accurately. And also, I think it\u2019s important to write in a respectful manner because you\u2019re reviewing a piece of work by a fellow colleague. So we are not, you know, kind of superior than than authors.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">Of course, when it comes to the organization, the peer review report, I think feedback needs to be presented logically. So, for example, following the sections of the manuscript, it\u2019s just one suggestion you don\u2019t have to do it, but it\u2019s presented in a way that\u2019s very easy to follow. One example is to refer to specific pages, paragraph numbers so that, you know, authors can always refer to their specific sections when they want to revise the manuscript.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">Finally, I think it\u2019s so obvious. Is that timely feedback is highly appreciated. You know, three, three weeks, four weeks or several months. You know, it\u2019s not a short period of time. Of course, we understand it\u2019s volunteer. It\u2019s a kind of volunteering and it takes time. There are different priorities. But I always tell my students, you know, if you accept a peer review request, make sure you accept it because you have the time to do it. You don\u2019t want to accept it, but then you delay the submission over and over again. And that\u2019s not fair to the authors.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">Going back, going back to peer review or poor peer reviewer feedback, a number of features I\u2019d like to talk about for us to all think about and reflect on.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">First, I think it\u2019s unprofessional to what I call hijack the manuscript by kind of inserting comments that impose the reviewer\u2019s personal views such as asking authors to cite their own work that does not have direct relevance to the manuscript.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">Second, I think feedback that is too brief and ambiguous is of little use to authors when it comes to revising the manuscript. I think if it\u2019s a rejection decision, it\u2019s okay for feedback to be a little bit general because they may need to kind of rethink the whole project. But if it\u2019s a major revision or minor revision decision, feedback needs to be very specific.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">And then again about tone, peer review feedback, does not benefit authors when it\u2019s demeaning, attacking the writers instead of the work done. So again, it\u2019s work-focused. It\u2019s not person-focused<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">And authors also dislike feedback that\u2019s poorly organized. So if you have a section on the literature review somewhere in the report, and then if you have a section of findings somewhere in the report that the authors have to dig them out, that may not be the best approach.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">Finally, feedback that\u2019s very delayed of course, is something that we would try our best to avoid.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><b><span style=\"color:#00b050\">Mriganka<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">What factors influence these different aspects of peer review feedback, like what influences the quality? And do you have any view on what kind of approaches can help improve the quality of feedback that reviewers give? <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><b><span style=\"color:#0070c0\">Sin Wang<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">I think there are a number of factors.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">Firstly, it\u2019s the reviewers\u2019 professional competence. So from our systematic review, we identified that the majority of the included studies pointed out that expertise in domain knowledge affects reviewers\u2019 feedback quality the most. So that\u2019s about the content of the feedback.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">Second factor that we identified is language skills. So language skills are an essential component of reviewers\u2019 professional competence because it dictates whether reviewers can convey their messages clearly. So it has to do with how the message is crafted, how the feedback is produced.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">And there there are some internal factors that we identified from the literature that can potentially affect the kind of quality of peer review feedback. For example, whether the reviewers are confident or they have a sense of authority to make judgments. The reviewers\u2019 kind of altruistic moral obligation to support fellow colleagues or academic peers. The reviewers\u2019 motivation for personal development and also their personal biases as well. So these are internal factors of the reviewers.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">There are also a number of external factors that will affect the quality of peer reviewer feedback. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">Firstly, it\u2019s about the policy of anonymity. So if it\u2019s a double-blind peer review model from the literature, it usually leads to more objective and more professional peer review feedback. It also depends on the interaction between editors and reviewers. Some editors have a more kind of relaxed and kind of lenient kind of editing style where some are more kind of they\u2019d like to have a little bit more control throughout the process. So, you know, it really depends.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">And also, of course, the monitoring and the scrutiny by the public and academics. So, for example, if you have an an open peer review model where the peer review reports are published and the names of the reviewers are published, obviously you may get better quality feedback. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">Finally, I think in terms of demographic factors, this is something we found from from our review that is quite interesting. There was one study that suggested that the quality of reviewers\u2019 feedback possibly\u2014possibly\u2014gets poorer by age due to the increasing commitments. And the same study also found that reviewers who have higher faculty positions and more prolific publication track records are more likely to give hasty and superficial feedback.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">Now I have to just add a caveat here. It\u2019s based on one published study, one alone, you know, So it\u2019s a there are obvious exceptions because I have experienced very detailed feedback from more senior colleagues that, you know, this is just a factor that is documented in the literature.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">Responding to your second half of your question about which approaches can help improve the quality of feedback, I\u2019m referring to my Learned Publishing article again, where at the very end of it I suggested three approaches. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">The first approach is what I call a knowledge-based approach, and this is what most people are doing, what most academic publishers are doing right now. They have if you look at big international academic publishers, they have these online resources for reviewers, like, for example, they have training courses for reviewers. This this focuses on the knowledge of peer review. For example, understanding what the different steps or milestones are in the peer review process, what is the meaning of different editorial decisions. So this focuses on the knowledge.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">The second approach is a skills-based approach and when I say skills, I focus more on the skills for delivering good feedback or feedback literacy, as we talked about earlier. So my suggestions in the paper are, for example, having exemplars of peer review reports and to have, you know, new reviewers kind of analyze them, try to understand the good features of the reviewers\u2019 reports. So very recently I think there are more kind of open peer review reports released and published. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">For example, think about F1000, for example. It\u2019s where you can find tons of open peer review reports to learn from. And of course, another of my suggestion is to not only read those reports as exemplars, but also have somebody to kind of annotate those reports, as learning resources, because if you just read a published review, you have no idea whether that\u2019s a good example or a mediocre one or a bad one. So and so, you know, there could be kind of annotation or kind of feedback on the feedback of reviewers. So that\u2019s the skills-based approach. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">Finally, it\u2019s the community-based approach, and I think this is the most effective to build a community of researchers and scholars and academics, publishers or organizations such as yours, who care very much about peer review. They share resources, challenges, difficulties. So for example, I set up a network of scholarly peers. We have a Twitter account, we have a website where we host resources for early career researchers. We have podcasts interviewing academics about their own peer review experience. So this, this, this sense of belonging is it\u2019s important.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">I remember I just interviewed another senior academic last week and he said something that I was very impressed by. He said that he still receives a lot of rejections at his kind of career stage, and he\u2019s like one of the leading scholars in his field. And he\u2019s being very honest and transparent about his rejections, hoping that the junior researchers don\u2019t feel that it\u2019s you know, it\u2019s peculiar to their case. So I think it\u2019s that kind of emotional support that is so important.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">So that can the whole notion of demystifying journal peer review process is so important. And I think a community-based approach can achieve that. Demystification doesn\u2019t just mean reveal the secrets within the process, but revealing what different stakeholders truly think about review. For example, a lot of scholars may think of editors as somebody who are, you know, almost like a godly figure. But actually a lot of editors are very approachable. They\u2019re very friendly, they\u2019re very supportive, and they are like you and me. So, you know, that kind of layer of demystifying or humanizing the kind of peer review process, is extremely important. And I think a community-based approach is essential to achieve that.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":33313,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false},"new_categories":[],"new_tags":[],"series":[],"class_list":["post-7671","podcast","type-podcast","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What are the characteristics of good peer reviewer feedback? Interview with Sin Wang Chong | Editage Insights<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What makes peer reviewer feedback good or bad? How can you write effective and helpful review feedback? 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