
{"id":1696,"date":"2015-04-06T12:24:25","date_gmt":"2015-04-06T12:24:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/why-is-peer-review-so-slow-the-first-step-identifying-peer-reviewers\/"},"modified":"2025-01-15T06:43:18","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T06:43:18","slug":"why-is-peer-review-so-slow-the-first-step-identifying-peer-reviewers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/why-is-peer-review-so-slow-the-first-step-identifying-peer-reviewers","title":{"rendered":"Why is peer review so slow? The first step: identifying peer reviewers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Many readers of <em>Editage Insights<\/em> are authors eager to improve their chances of having their work published by studying the advice of experienced professionals in editing, writing and associated fields. If they\u2019ve submitted manuscripts to journals, they may have become aggrieved waiting to be informed about the fate of their manuscripts. In this article series, I explain one of the main causes of delays in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/peer-review-process-and-editorial-decision-making-at-journals\">journal peer review and editorial decision-making<\/a>, from the editor\u2019s point of view.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">In its simplest form, the peer review process can be depicted by a flowchart like the one shown below, typically including a box that says \u201cManuscript is peer reviewed.\u201d To the left of this box is one that says \u201cAuthor submits manuscript\u201d and to the right is a box labelled \u201cEditor makes a decision\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Default Alt text\" class=\"responsive\" data-file_info=\"%7B%22fid%22:%221825%22,%22view_mode%22:%22default%22,%22fields%22:%7B%22format%22:%22default%22,%22field_file_image_alt_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22Default%20Alt%20text%22,%22field_file_image_title_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22Default%20Title%20Text%22,%22field_image_tags%5Bund%5D%5Btextfield%5D%22:%22%22,%22field_image_tags%5Bund%5D%5Bvalue_field%5D%22:%22%5C%22%5C%22%5C%22%5C%22%20%5C%22%5C%22peer%20review%20process%5C%22%5C%22%22%7D,%22type%22:%22media%22%7D\" src=\"http:\/\/insights.cactusglobal.com\/sites\/default\/files\/Capture_0.PNG\" title=\"Default Title Text\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">However, the peer review process is not as simple as the flowchart looks. At <em>Polar Research<\/em>, the most time-consuming \u2013 and often frustrating \u2013 task is rounding up peer reviewers to evaluate submissions and then waiting (sometimes in vain) for the promised reviews to materialize. The \u201cManuscript is peer reviewed\u201d box in fact bulges with difficulties.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">I\u2019m going to bypass larger questions about peer review: whether it\u2019s fair, whether it really works as it\u2019s supposed to, and so on. These are important questions but they are not the topic of this series. Instead, I\u2019m going to focus on the nitty-gritty of selecting potential peer reviewers for a submission and finding two or three who are willing to review it. As I explain, this process can take much more effort \u2013 and time \u2013 than authors imagine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><strong>Identifying peer reviewers<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">The first step is to identify potential peer reviewers\u2014researchers who are a good match for the submission. Some journals have a pool of loyal peer reviewers to whom the editors regularly assign submissions. This probably works well for journals with fairly narrowly defined scopes. For a multi-disciplinary journal like <em>Polar Research<\/em>, which receives submissions from a wide range of sciences and other disciplines on subjects spanning the optical properties of sea ice to the mating habits of polar bears and early 20th century aeronautical expeditions in the Arctic, maintaining a pool of peer reviewers with the necessary expertise to evaluate so many different topics isn\u2019t feasible. Though we\u2019re glad to approach reviewers who have served us well in the past, we\u2019re also continually seeking new reviewers to cover the diverse topics of the submissions that we receive.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">We employ several means to identify potential reviewers. Right off the bat, colleagues at our various institutions or other people in our networks may leap to mind. We also look through the manuscript\u2019s list of bibliographic references for names of authors who have published on the topic. Using search terms drawn from the title, the abstract and our own knowledge of the subject, we use the Web of Science (WoS) to hunt for more researchers who might not be cited in the manuscript. The WoS is also a handy tool for finding out more about the authors listed in the reference list as well as for checking if a potential peer reviewer has co-authored with one or more of the authors of the current submission.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Sometimes authors suggest potential reviewers. While this would seem to be a favour to journal editors, \u00a0a few dastardly authors have used this as an opportunity to have their papers reviewed by their buddies or even, in particularly daring instances, by the authors themselves.<sup>1<\/sup> Enough cases like this have come to light to cause some editors to avoid author-suggested peer reviewers like the plague.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">At <em>Polar Research<\/em> we do consider author-suggested peer reviewers. Without meaning to impugn the integrity of our contributors, we routinely screen suggested names using the WoS and other means to confirm that the suggested reviewers have the relevant expertise, that they haven\u2019t recently or regularly co-authored with one of the authors of the current submission and that they\u2019re not at the same institution as any of the current manuscript\u2019s authors. If everything looks ok, an author-suggested reviewer may be invited.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Note, however, that it\u2019s very rare at <em>Polar Research<\/em> for a paper to be reviewed exclusively by peer reviewers suggested by the authors. Occasionally, one of the two or three experts reviewing a paper is a person who was suggested by the author. Usually none of the author-suggested reviewers ends up reviewing the submission. This is because we editors often identify reviewers whom we believe to be better qualified. Also, when invited, even author-suggested reviewers often turn us down. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">In my next articles, I will describe what happens after potential reviewers have been identified and discuss why researchers turn down peer review invitations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em style=\"font-size: 14px;\">1. Furgason C, Marcus A. &amp; Oransky I. 2014. The peer-review scam. Nature 515, 480-482.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Many readers of Editage Insights are authors eager to improve their chances of having their work published by studying the advice of experienced professionals in editing, writing and associated fields. If they\u2019ve submitted manuscripts to journals, they may have become aggrieved waiting to be informed about the fate of their manuscripts. In this article series, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":33313,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2394],"tags":[539],"new_categories":[],"new_tags":[],"series":[2788],"class_list":["post-1696","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-basics-of-peer-review","tag-peer-review-process","series-delays-in-peer-review"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Why is peer review so slow? The first step \u2013 identifying peer reviewers | Editage Insights<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Authors find the peer review process difficult to deal with mainly because there are delays in the editorial decision making. 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