{"id":1767,"date":"2014-12-08T07:42:50","date_gmt":"2014-12-08T07:42:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria\/"},"modified":"2026-05-21T15:24:55","modified_gmt":"2026-05-21T09:54:55","slug":"style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria","title":{"rendered":"Scientific names of bacteria in academic writing: Style tips + Checklist"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Scientific names are labels for precise identification; they are &#8216;keys&#8217; that can unlock vaults of information. Compare the kind of information that can be retrieved by typing the<em> scientific<\/em> name of an organism \u2013 instead of its<em> common<\/em> name \u2013 in the search box of a search engine, and you will realize that the analogy of a key is particularly appropriate.<\/p>\n<p>An earlier article discussed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/4-style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-organisms-in-medical-writing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">some points of style related to scientific names of organisms in general<\/a> whereas this article focuses on bacteria. Bacterial names are governed by the<em> International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\">The Basics of Bacterial Binomial Names<\/h2>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Bacterial species are identified using a two-part naming system called <strong>binomial nomenclature<\/strong>, governed by the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP).<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\">How a Bacterial Species Name Is Structured<\/h3>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Every bacterial name has two components:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"[li_&amp;]:mb-0 [li_&amp;]:mt-1 [li_&amp;]:gap-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3\">\n<li class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"><strong>Genus name: <\/strong>always capitalized (e.g., <em>Staphylococcus<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"><strong>Specific epithet:<\/strong>\u00a0always lowercase (e.g., <em>aureus<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Together, they form the species name: <em>Staphylococcus aureus<\/em>. Both parts must always be italicized (or underlined in handwritten or typed text). The genus name is never written alone as a stand-in for the species.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\">When to Write the Full Name vs. an Abbreviation<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"[li_&amp;]:mb-0 [li_&amp;]:mt-1 [li_&amp;]:gap-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3\">\n<li class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\">Write the <strong>full name at first mention<\/strong> in the main text: <em>Escherichia coli<\/em><\/li>\n<li class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\">After the first mention, <strong>abbreviate the genus<\/strong> to its initial letter: <em>E. coli<\/em><\/li>\n<li class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\">If multiple genera share the same initial letter in your paper, <strong>do not abbreviate<\/strong> \u2014 spell out both names in full to avoid confusion<\/li>\n<li class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\">The <strong>ICSP recommends spelling out the full name again<\/strong> in the abstract or summary, even if already abbreviated in the body text<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\">How to Handle Unnamed Species (sp. and spp.)<\/h3>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">When the species has not been identified or named, use these abbreviations after the genus:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"[li_&amp;]:mb-0 [li_&amp;]:mt-1 [li_&amp;]:gap-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3\">\n<li class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"><strong><em>Moraxella<\/em> sp.<\/strong>\u00a0 refers to one unnamed or unidentified species<\/li>\n<li class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"><strong><em>Moraxella<\/em> spp.<\/strong>\u00a0 refers to more than one unnamed species<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Note that <strong>sp. and spp. are not italicized<\/strong>, but the genus name preceding them remains in italics.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"><strong>Bacterial Name Formatting at a Glance<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"overflow-x-auto w-full px-2 mb-6\">\n<table class=\"min-w-full border-collapse text-sm leading-[1.7] whitespace-normal\">\n<thead class=\"text-left\">\n<tr>\n<th class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\" scope=\"col\">Situation<\/th>\n<th class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\" scope=\"col\">Format<\/th>\n<th class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\" scope=\"col\">Example<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">First mention in text<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Full name, italicized<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"><em>Staphylococcus aureus<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Subsequent mention<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Abbreviated genus, italicized<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"><em>S. aureus<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Unnamed single species<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Genus + sp., genus italicized<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"><em>Moraxella<\/em> sp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Unnamed multiple species<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Genus + spp., genus italicized<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"><em>Moraxella<\/em> spp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">In paper summary\/abstract<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Full name again, italicized<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"><em>Staphylococcus aureus<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\">Subspecific Taxa: Below the Species Level<\/h2>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">When a species is divided further, additional naming rules apply. These subdivisions sit below species level and each follows its own formatting convention.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\">Subspecies (subsp.)<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"[li_&amp;]:mb-0 [li_&amp;]:mt-1 [li_&amp;]:gap-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3\">\n<li class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\">The abbreviation <strong>subsp.<\/strong> indicates a subspecies rank<\/li>\n<li class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"><strong>subsp. is never italicized<\/strong>, but the subspecies epithet that follows it is<\/li>\n<li class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\">Example: <em>Staphylococcus aureus<\/em> subsp. <em>aureus<\/em><\/li>\n<li class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\">When the subspecies epithet repeats the species epithet (as above), it designates the <strong>nominate subspecies<\/strong> (the one that first established the species name)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\">Infrasubspecific Subdivisions<\/h3>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Several ranks exist below subspecies level. These are written in plain roman text, with only the following epithet italicized:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"[li_&amp;]:mb-0 [li_&amp;]:mt-1 [li_&amp;]:gap-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3\">\n<li class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"><strong>Pathovar (pv.):<\/strong>\u00a0groups strains by the host plant they infect; e.g., <em>Pseudomonas syringae<\/em> pv. <em>tomato<\/em><\/li>\n<li class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"><strong>Biovar (bv.):<\/strong>\u00a0groups strains by biochemical or physiological differences; e.g., <em>Rhizobium leguminosarum<\/em> bv. <em>viciae<\/em><\/li>\n<li class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"><strong>Serovar:<\/strong>\u00a0groups strains by their antigenic properties; e.g., <em>Salmonella enterica<\/em> serovar Typhimurium<\/li>\n<li class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"><strong>Morphovar:<\/strong>\u00a0groups strains by morphological differences<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Note: the suffix <strong>-var<\/strong> has replaced the older <strong>-type<\/strong> across all these ranks.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\">Strain Designations<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"[li_&amp;]:mb-0 [li_&amp;]:mt-1 [li_&amp;]:gap-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3\">\n<li class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\">Strain designations sit after the species or subspecies name<\/li>\n<li class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\">They are written in plain roman text and never italicized<\/li>\n<li class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\">They are typically a combination of letters and numbers<\/li>\n<li class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\">Example: <em>Escherichia coli<\/em> O157:H7<\/li>\n<li class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\">The ICSP does not regulate strain designations; follow your journal&#8217;s preferred format<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"><strong>Infrasubspecific Rank Formatting<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"overflow-x-auto w-full px-2 mb-6\">\n<table class=\"min-w-full border-collapse text-sm leading-[1.7] whitespace-normal\">\n<thead class=\"text-left\">\n<tr>\n<th class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\" scope=\"col\">Rank<\/th>\n<th class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\" scope=\"col\">Abbreviation<\/th>\n<th class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\" scope=\"col\">Italicized?<\/th>\n<th class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\" scope=\"col\">Example<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Subspecies<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">subsp.<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Epithet only<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"><em>Rhizobium leguminosarum<\/em> subsp. <em>trifolii<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Pathovar<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">pv.<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Epithet only<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"><em>Pseudomonas syringae<\/em> pv. <em>tomato<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Biovar<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">bv.<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Epithet only<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"><em>Rhizobium leguminosarum<\/em> bv. <em>viciae<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Serovar<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">serovar<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Epithet only<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"><em>Salmonella enterica<\/em> serovar Typhimurium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Strain<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">[no abbrev.]<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">No<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"><em>Escherichia coli<\/em> K-12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\">Style Differences Between Bacterial, Plant, and Animal Names<\/h2>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Bacterial, plant, and animal names are each governed by a different international code. While the core formatting rules (italicization, binomial structure) are shared, several style points differ and are a common source of errors in manuscripts that reference organisms across groups.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"><strong>Key Style Differences Across Nomenclature Codes<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"overflow-x-auto w-full px-2 mb-6\">\n<table class=\"min-w-full border-collapse text-sm leading-[1.7] whitespace-normal\">\n<thead class=\"text-left\">\n<tr>\n<th class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\" scope=\"col\">Style Point<\/th>\n<th class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\" scope=\"col\">Bacteria<\/th>\n<th class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\" scope=\"col\">Plants<\/th>\n<th class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\" scope=\"col\">Animals<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Governing code<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP)<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN)<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Conjunction between two authors cited after a name<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"><em>and<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"><em>and<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\"><em>et<\/em> (or &amp; )<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Subspecies notation<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">subsp.<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">subsp.<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">ssp. or subsp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Cultivar notation<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Not applicable<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">cv. (being phased out in some contexts)<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Not applicable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Pathovar notation<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">pv. (recommended)<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">pv. (recommended for plant pathogens)<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Not applicable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Infrasubspecific ranks regulated by code<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">No (only subspecies and above)<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Yes<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Yes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\">Key Takeaway<\/h3>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Bacterial nomenclature style sits <strong>closer to plant nomenclature than to animal nomenclature<\/strong> in most respects, particularly in author citation style, where <em>and<\/em> is used rather than the Latin <em>et<\/em>. When writing about organisms across multiple kingdoms in the same manuscript, check each name against its own governing code rather than applying one set of rules universally.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\">Key Style Guide References for Bacterial Names<\/h2>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">No single style guide covers every situation in bacterial nomenclature. The right reference depends on your field and target journal. Always check your journal&#8217;s author instructions first, as these override general style guides.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"><strong>Style Guide Comparison<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"overflow-x-auto w-full px-2 mb-6\">\n<table class=\"min-w-full border-collapse text-sm leading-[1.7] whitespace-normal\">\n<thead class=\"text-left\">\n<tr>\n<th class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\" scope=\"col\">Style Guide<\/th>\n<th class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\" scope=\"col\">Trailing dot after abbreviations?<\/th>\n<th class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/60 py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\" scope=\"col\">Best suited for<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">CSE Manual (8th ed.)<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Yes<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">General scientific writing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">AMA Manual of Style (11th ed.)<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">No<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Medical and clinical manuscripts<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">ASM Style Manual<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Yes<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Microbiology-specific papers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Journal-specific instructions<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Varies<\/td>\n<td class=\"border-b-0.5 border-border-300\/30 py-2 pr-4 align-top\">Any submission \u2014 always check first<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\">Primary Nomenclature Resources<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"[li_&amp;]:mb-0 [li_&amp;]:mt-1 [li_&amp;]:gap-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3\">\n<li class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"><strong>LPSN<\/strong> (List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature): bacterio.net<\/li>\n<li class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"><strong>IJSEM<\/strong> (International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology): publishes all Notification and Validation Lists<\/li>\n<li class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"><strong>EzBioCloud:<\/strong>\u00a0searchable database of validly published prokaryotic names<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Quick-Reference Checklist Before Submission<\/h2>\n<p>We have a free checklist you can use to verify you&#8217;ve correctly present bacterial names in your manuscript, before submitting it to a journal: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/Bacterial_names_submission_checklist.docx\">Bacterial_names_submission_checklist<\/a><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"><strong>Do bacterial names need to be italicized in tables and figures?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Yes. Italicization applies throughout the manuscript, including table cells, figure legends, and captions. The first-mention rule also applies independently in each legend \u2014 write the full name in italics the first time it appears in a legend, even if it has already been abbreviated in the main text.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>What does it mean when a bacterial name is in quotation marks?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Quotation marks indicate that a name has been effectively published, meaning it has appeared in the scientific literature, but has not yet been validly published through the IJSEM Notification or Validation List process. These names lack official standing in nomenclature and should be used with caution. Example: &#8220;Selenomonas massiliensis.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>How do I know if a bacterial name is currently valid?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Check the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) at bacterio.net, or search EzBioCloud at ezbiocloud.net. Both databases are updated regularly to reflect Notification and Validation Lists published in IJSEM. Do not rely on a name simply because it appears in a recent publication because publication alone does not confer validity.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Should I use the old name or the new name when a bacterium has been reclassified?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Use the currently accepted valid name, then note the former name in parentheses on first mention, for example, <em>Helicobacter pylori<\/em> (formerly <em>Campylobacter pylori<\/em>). Check your target journal&#8217;s author instructions, as some journals specify a preferred nomenclatural authority. When community consensus on a reclassification is still contested, acknowledge both names and cite the relevant taxonomic proposals.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Are gene names formatted the same way as species names?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>No. Gene names follow different rules. Bacterial gene names use a three-letter lowercase italic abbreviation (e.g., <em>hisA<\/em>, <em>recA<\/em>), sometimes followed by an uppercase letter when multiple genes share a function. Phenotype designations derived from gene names are written in roman (non-italic) text with an initial capital (e.g., His\u207b, Rec\u207a). These conventions are governed by journal-specific style guides, most notably the ASM Style Manual, not the Prokaryotic Code.<\/p>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<p>[1] CSE, Style Manual Committee. 2014.<em> Scientific Style and Format: the CSE manual for authors, editors, and publishers<\/em>, 8th edn, p. 401. Wheat Ridge, Colorado, USA: Council of Science Editors. 722 pp.<\/p>\n<p>[2] Piqueras M and Guerrero R. 2013. Bacteriological nomenclature, pp. 59\u201362 in<em> Science Editor\u2019s Handbook<\/em>, 2nd edn. edited by P Smart, H Maisonneuve, and A Polderman. Redruth, Cornwall, UK: European Association of Science Editors. 231 pp.<\/p>\n<p>[3] AMA. 2007.<em> AMA Manual of Style: a guide for authors and editors<\/em>, 10th edn., pp. 748\u2013753. New York: Oxford University Press [and American Medical Association]. 1010 pp.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Scientific names are labels for precise identification; they are &#8216;keys&#8217; that can unlock vaults of information. Compare the kind of information that can be retrieved by typing the scientific name of an organism \u2013 instead of its common name \u2013 in the search box of a search engine, and you will realize that the analogy [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":47241,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2427],"tags":[2611],"new_categories":[],"new_tags":[],"series":[],"class_list":["post-1767","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-style-format","tag-manuscript-formatting"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Scientific names of bacteria in academic writing: Style tips + Checklist | Editage Insights<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The article explains various points of style related to bacterial nomenclature and includes a free downloadable checklist for researchers and students.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Scientific names of bacteria in academic writing: Style tips + Checklist | Editage Insights\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The article explains various points of style related to bacterial nomenclature and includes a free downloadable checklist for researchers and students.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Editage Insights\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Editage\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-12-08T07:42:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-05-21T09:54:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/Bacterial-names-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"559\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yateendra Joshi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@Editage\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Editage\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Yateendra Joshi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Yateendra Joshi\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/#\/schema\/person\/cddcdcb60c05f8fe00b1e54c1ebf7980\"},\"headline\":\"Scientific names of bacteria in academic writing: Style tips + Checklist\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-12-08T07:42:50+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-05-21T09:54:55+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria\"},\"wordCount\":1418,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/Bacterial-names-1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Manuscript Formatting\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Style &amp; Format\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria\",\"name\":\"Scientific names of bacteria in academic writing: Style tips + Checklist | Editage Insights\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/Bacterial-names-1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-12-08T07:42:50+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-05-21T09:54:55+00:00\",\"description\":\"The article explains various points of style related to bacterial nomenclature and includes a free downloadable checklist for researchers and students.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/Bacterial-names-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/Bacterial-names-1.jpg\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":559},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Scientific names of bacteria in academic writing: Style tips + Checklist\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/\",\"name\":\"Editage Insights\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Editage Insights\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/editage-insights-logo-1-scaled.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/editage-insights-logo-1-scaled.webp\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":324,\"caption\":\"Editage Insights\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Editage\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/Editage\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/#\/schema\/person\/cddcdcb60c05f8fe00b1e54c1ebf7980\",\"name\":\"Yateendra Joshi\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b4b1cf3d3ed6f68fa18f3b9f8710f5ec58edfa8472c0f66251c74fbade5ed991?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b4b1cf3d3ed6f68fa18f3b9f8710f5ec58edfa8472c0f66251c74fbade5ed991?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Yateendra Joshi\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/yateendra-joshi\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Scientific names of bacteria in academic writing: Style tips + Checklist | Editage Insights","description":"The article explains various points of style related to bacterial nomenclature and includes a free downloadable checklist for researchers and students.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Scientific names of bacteria in academic writing: Style tips + Checklist | Editage Insights","og_description":"The article explains various points of style related to bacterial nomenclature and includes a free downloadable checklist for researchers and students.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria","og_site_name":"Editage Insights","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Editage","article_published_time":"2014-12-08T07:42:50+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-05-21T09:54:55+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":559,"url":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/Bacterial-names-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Yateendra Joshi","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@Editage","twitter_site":"@Editage","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Yateendra Joshi","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria"},"author":{"name":"Yateendra Joshi","@id":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/#\/schema\/person\/cddcdcb60c05f8fe00b1e54c1ebf7980"},"headline":"Scientific names of bacteria in academic writing: Style tips + Checklist","datePublished":"2014-12-08T07:42:50+00:00","dateModified":"2026-05-21T09:54:55+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria"},"wordCount":1418,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/Bacterial-names-1.jpg","keywords":["Manuscript Formatting"],"articleSection":["Style &amp; Format"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria","url":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria","name":"Scientific names of bacteria in academic writing: Style tips + Checklist | Editage Insights","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/Bacterial-names-1.jpg","datePublished":"2014-12-08T07:42:50+00:00","dateModified":"2026-05-21T09:54:55+00:00","description":"The article explains various points of style related to bacterial nomenclature and includes a free downloadable checklist for researchers and students.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/Bacterial-names-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/Bacterial-names-1.jpg","width":1024,"height":559},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/style-tips-for-presenting-scientific-names-of-bacteria#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Scientific names of bacteria in academic writing: Style tips + Checklist"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/","name":"Editage Insights","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/#organization","name":"Editage Insights","url":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/editage-insights-logo-1-scaled.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/editage-insights-logo-1-scaled.webp","width":2560,"height":324,"caption":"Editage Insights"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Editage","https:\/\/x.com\/Editage"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/#\/schema\/person\/cddcdcb60c05f8fe00b1e54c1ebf7980","name":"Yateendra Joshi","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b4b1cf3d3ed6f68fa18f3b9f8710f5ec58edfa8472c0f66251c74fbade5ed991?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b4b1cf3d3ed6f68fa18f3b9f8710f5ec58edfa8472c0f66251c74fbade5ed991?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Yateendra Joshi"},"url":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/yateendra-joshi"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1767","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1767"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1767\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":47246,"href":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1767\/revisions\/47246"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/47241"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1767"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1767"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1767"},{"taxonomy":"new_categories","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/new_categories?post=1767"},{"taxonomy":"new_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/new_tags?post=1767"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=1767"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}