{"id":1794,"date":"2014-08-28T08:39:33","date_gmt":"2014-08-28T08:39:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/what-every-researcher-should-know-about-retraction\/"},"modified":"2025-02-18T05:32:57","modified_gmt":"2025-02-18T05:32:57","slug":"what-every-researcher-should-know-about-retraction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/what-every-researcher-should-know-about-retraction","title":{"rendered":"What every researcher should know about retraction"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">What is retraction?\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Research papers go through a thorough check by peer reviewers before they reach publication. Despite this, at times, errors are detected in papers after they are published. If the errors are minor, such as an incorrect correspondence address or correction of an author\u2019s name, an erratum notice can be issued. However, if the errors are grave enough to put the validity of the paper in question, it may need to be retracted. Retraction is a way of alerting readers to the questionable credibility of a study. It is a part of publication, and even reputed journals have had to retract papers. A recent instance of this is the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/a-new-twist-in-the-stap-story-scientist-declared-guilty\">retraction of two papers related to the STAP research<\/a> by <em>Nature.<\/em>\u00a0Authors should keep in mind that the aim of retraction is not to punish the authors for their mistakes but to correct the research data and to preserve the credibility of science.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Why are papers retracted?<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Papers are retracted only when they have serious errors which cannot be corrected through an erratum notice or a letter of concern. According to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.councilscienceeditors.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/v34n1p9-11.pdf\">the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)<\/a>, journal editors should consider retracting a paper if:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">they have clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, either as a result of misconduct (e.g. data fabrication) or honest error (e.g. miscalculation or experimental error)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">the findings have previously been published elsewhere without proper cross-referencing, permission or justification (i.e. cases of redundant publication)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">it constitutes plagiarism<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">it reports unethical research<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Sometimes, however, some journals do not provide clear reasons for retraction as they fear losing their reputation since<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">\u00a0readers may question their peer review process<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">. To tackle this problem, Ivan Oransky, a New York-based journalist and co-founder of the blog <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/retractionwatch.com\/the-retraction-watch-faq\/\" style=\"font-size: 14px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Retraction Watch<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 14px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">, suggests setting up a \u2018<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/retractionwatch.com\/transparencyindex\/\" style=\"font-size: 14px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">transparency index<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 14px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">\u2019 for journals, to rank them on criteria such as the clarity of their retraction notices. Such an index would help people understand why some papers failed to prove the credibility of their research. However, the problem remains in cases where authors withdraw their paper for unknown reasons. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Who retracts a paper?<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Although the final decision of retraction of a paper rests with the journal editor, either the author(s) or journal editor can issue a retraction. At times, a retraction is issued jointly by the author and editor. Editors may ask authors to retract a flawed paper, but if they refuse, editors may retract the paper themselves.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">What happens when a journal editor decides to retract a paper?<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Most often, journal editors are alerted to errors in research papers which they then investigate. If any incident of misconduct is discovered, a retraction notice is issued. According to <a href=\"http:\/\/publicationethics.org\/files\/retraction%20guidelines.pdf\">COPE<\/a>, the text of the retraction should explain why the article is being retracted and include a complete citation reference to that article. (<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">An example of retraction notice can be found <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nm\/journal\/v9\/n9\/full\/nm0903-1221a.html\">here<\/a>.)\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Moreover, retracted articles should remain in the public domain and be clearly labeled as retracted. COPE also advises that a notice of retraction should:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">be linked to the retracted article wherever possible (i.e. in all electronic versions)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">clearly identify the retracted article (e.g. by including the title and authors in the retraction heading)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">be clearly identified as a retraction (i.e. distinct from other types of correction or comment)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">be published promptly to minimize harmful effects from misleading publications<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">be freely available to all readers (i.e. not behind access barriers or available only to subscribers)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">state who is retracting the article<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">state the reason(s) for retraction (to distinguish misconduct from honest error)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">avoid statements that are potentially defamatory or libelous<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Retraction is a very widely discussed topic in the publishing industry. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/is-the-journal-retraction-rate-rising\" style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">The rate of retraction is rising<\/a><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">, a trend that is attributed to the rat race to publish papers. While retraction is an inevitable aspect of science publication, authors should be aware of its implications and take necessary steps to avoid it.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">You might also be interested in knowing\u00a0<\/span><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/how-will-a-retracted-paper-affect-my-reputation\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">How will a retracted paper affect my reputation?<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is retraction?\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Research papers go through a thorough check by peer reviewers before they reach publication. Despite this, at times, errors are detected in papers after they are published. If the errors are minor, such as an incorrect correspondence address or correction of an author\u2019s name, an erratum notice can be issued. However, if [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":33313,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2422],"tags":[1117],"new_categories":[],"new_tags":[],"series":[2811],"class_list":["post-1794","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dealing-with-retraction","tag-paper-retraction","series-retraction"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What every researcher should know about retraction | Editage Insights<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Retraction is one of the most widely discussed topics in the publication industry, and authors should be aware of its implications.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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