{"id":1937,"date":"2013-11-04T06:39:57","date_gmt":"2013-11-04T06:39:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/manuscript-structure-how-to-convey-your-most-important-ideas-through-your-paper\/"},"modified":"2025-02-17T10:42:45","modified_gmt":"2025-02-17T10:42:45","slug":"manuscript-structure-how-to-convey-your-most-important-ideas-through-your-paper","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/manuscript-structure-how-to-convey-your-most-important-ideas-through-your-paper","title":{"rendered":"Manuscript structure: How to convey your most important ideas through your paper"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">The core purpose of writing a paper is to go beyond mere presentation of facts and thoughts. It is to reach out to the reader\u2014to communicate your research effectively and help readers understand the issues at hand.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">This article introduces and illustrates various concepts for structuring a manuscript such that readers take away the most important messages\u2014the messages you want to convey\u2014after reading your paper.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;\">The philosophy behind a good manuscript structure<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">A crucial point to remember while <a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/the-complete-guide-to-writing-a-brilliant-research-paper\/\">writing a research paper<\/a> is that readers do not simply read; they interpret.<\/span><sup style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular;\">1<\/sup><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0Different readers are likely to extract different meanings from your paper, depending on their expectations or the clues they receive from the manuscript\u2019s structure. This brings us to a concept that serves as the foundation of good writing practices<\/span><sup style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular;\">1<\/sup><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><br style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;\">Manuscript structure: The essential elements<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">A fitting analogy to the structure of most research manuscripts would be an hourglass.<\/span><sup style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular;\">2<\/sup><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0The manuscript begins with broad statements, narrows down to the specifics of your study, and ends with broad considerations. This section presents the basic components of a manuscript and outlines the essential functions and content of each part.<\/span><sup style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular;\">2-6\u00a0<\/sup><\/span><br style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular; font-size: 14px;\" \/>\u00a0<\/p>\n<div style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: GandhiSansRegular; font-size: 14px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Manuscript structure: introduction, methods, results, discussion, conclusion\" class=\"media-element file-default\" title=\"Manuscript structure: introduction, methods, results, discussion, conclusion\" src=\"http:\/\/insights.cactusglobal.com\/sites\/default\/files\/hr-glass_0.jpg\" \/><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: GandhiSansRegular; font-size: 14px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;\"><strong><u><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Introduction<\/span><\/u><\/strong><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"red\" style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;\">(<\/span>What are you studying and why?)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><br style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Use this section to set the context for your study and problem. Remember that several readers may not understand the significance of your study right away. Therefore, use general language and carefully developed logic to guide your readers to the main problem\/objective of your study.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular; font-size: 14px;\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;\">DOs and DON\u2019Ts<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Describe the rationale for undertaking the study<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Explain how the research makes an important contribution to the field or advances knowledge<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">State the research question clearly<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Explain the theoretical framework that the study is based on<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Provide a background of the problem or issue that your research aims to understand or resolve, citing studies to support your arguments<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Summarize the current state of knowledge on the topic, citing studies as appropriate<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; background-image: url(http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/tutorials\/manuscript-preparation\/images\/cross_mark.png); text-align: justify; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Don&#8217;t review all studies that have ever been published on the topic<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;\"><span style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;\"><strong><u>Methods<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"red\" style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit;\">(What did you do?)<\/span><\/span><\/span><br style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">This section is the most specific to your study. A primary criterion for well-conducted research is that it must be replicable. This means that another researcher should be able to reproduce the results by following the methods detailed in your paper.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular; font-size: 14px;\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;\">DOs and DON\u2019Ts<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Provide full details of all methods, techniques, and instruments<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Include photograph or diagram of the experimental setup<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Describe the questionnaire, survey, or other data collection instruments<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Provide or cite studies that support the validity and reliability of the analysis methods and instruments<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Describe the lab settings or environment<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Explain the analysis methods and why you chose them<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; background-image: url(http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/tutorials\/images\/cross_mark.png); text-align: justify; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Don\u2019t exclude important details simply to avoid a lengthy description of the methods<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; background-image: url(http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/tutorials\/images\/cross_mark.png); text-align: justify; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; background-image: url(http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/tutorials\/images\/cross_mark.png); text-align: justify; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;\"><span style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;\"><u><strong>Results<\/strong><\/u>\u00a0<span class=\"red\" style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit;\">(What did you find?)<\/span><\/span><\/span><br style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Include all the details of your data and results in this section. Highlight the most significant findings in the text and then move on to the peripheral findings. Readers should be able to understand your results without spending too much time reading this section.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><br style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular; font-size: 14px;\" \/>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;\">DOs and DON\u2019Ts<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Use tables and figures effectively to present results in a manner that\u2019s easy to understand at a glance<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Describe the actual data rather than provide generalizations<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">State the main findings in the text<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Highlight any unexpected or surprising results in the text<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Explain what the results are saying, rather them simply stating the statistical data (e.g., \u201cX was found to substantially increase with Y [followed by statistical data]\u201d rather than \u201cX and Y had a positive correlation of .73\u201d)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; background-image: url(http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/tutorials\/images\/cross_mark.png); text-align: justify; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">If you have illustrated the results of your study in figures and tables, do not include detailed descriptions of these results in the text<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; background-image: url(http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/tutorials\/images\/cross_mark.png); text-align: justify; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;\"><br style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;\"><span style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;\"><u><strong>Discussion<\/strong><\/u>\u00a0<span class=\"red\" style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit;\">(What do your findings mean?)<\/span><\/span><\/span><br style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">A good discussion section extends the specific results to their broader implications, which can then be tied in with the general background given in the introduction to maximize the impact of the overall paper. Therefore, remember to go \u201cback and forth\u201d between your discussion section and the introduction.<\/span><\/span><br style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular; font-size: 14px;\" \/>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;\">DOs and DON\u2019Ts<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Start by stating whether your hypothesis was supported<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Interpret the results: what do the results imply?<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Relate your findings to those of previous studies, for example, whether your results support or deviate from results in previous studies<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Explain how the study adds to previous knowledge<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Remember to mention any possible alternative explanations for the results<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Address the limitations of the study<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; background-image: url(http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/tutorials\/images\/cross_mark.png); text-align: justify; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Don\u2019t simply repeat the results again<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; background-image: url(http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/tutorials\/images\/cross_mark.png); text-align: justify; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Don\u2019t draw conclusions that are not supported by the data<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; background-image: url(http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/tutorials\/images\/cross_mark.png); text-align: justify; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;\"><br style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;\"><span style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;\"><u><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/u>\u00a0<span class=\"red\" style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit;\">(What have you learned from the study?)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><br style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">In this section, state the main conclusions of the study in the context of the formulated problem. By the time readers reach this part of the text, they should have understood what you did and the outcomes of the research. Readers should be able to understand how and why you reached your conclusions.<\/span><\/span><br style=\"font-family: GandhiSansRegular; font-size: 14px;\" \/>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;\">DOs and DON\u2019Ts<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Explain what you\u2019ve learned from the study<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Ensure that the conclusion is directly related to your research question and stated purpose of the study<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Elaborate on the broader implications of the research<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Suggest specific future avenues of research to advance the knowledge you\u2019ve gained from the study or answer questions that your study did not address<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; background-image: url(http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/tutorials\/images\/cross_mark.png); text-align: justify; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Don\u2019t oversell your research or \u201covergeneralize\u201d the results, that is, stretch the study findings to provide suggestions or conclusions that the research doesn\u2019t really support<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; background-image: url(http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/tutorials\/images\/cross_mark.png); text-align: justify; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Don\u2019t simply summarize the results<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; background-image: url(http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/tutorials\/images\/cross_mark.png); text-align: justify; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; background-image: url(http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/tutorials\/images\/cross_mark.png); text-align: justify; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit;\">Writing for different groups of readers<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; background-image: url(http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/tutorials\/images\/cross_mark.png); text-align: justify; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit;\">A good writer is aware of what different types of readers may be expecting from the paper and can structure a paper according to the readers\u2019 expectations and backgrounds. Even a general reader with little or no knowledge of the field should be able to get a broad understanding of what you did and why.<\/span><sup style=\"font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit;\">2<\/sup><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; background-image: url(http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/tutorials\/images\/cross_mark.png); text-align: justify; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit;\">Avoid jargon. Clearly define key terms, especially ones that are not used in their conventional sense or ones that few readers can be expected to be familiar with.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; background-image: url(http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/tutorials\/images\/cross_mark.png); text-align: justify; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit;\">If only specialists in your field can understand what you\u2019re saying, your paper will not be read by a wide audience. Lead readers up to the problem or theory you are studying. Don\u2019t assume that readers know everything about the topic of your research.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; background-image: url(http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/tutorials\/images\/cross_mark.png); text-align: justify; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"media-element file-default\" src=\"http:\/\/insights.cactusglobal.com\/sites\/default\/files\/manu%20structure.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; background-image: url(http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/tutorials\/images\/cross_mark.png); text-align: justify; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; background-image: url(http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/tutorials\/images\/cross_mark.png); text-align: justify; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit;\">To be an effective author, keep the reader in mind while writing your paper. A well-structured manuscript helps you enhance the flow of your ideas and tells readers what to expect at different parts of the manuscript.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; background-image: url(http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/tutorials\/images\/cross_mark.png); text-align: justify; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify; background-image: url(http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/tutorials\/images\/cross_mark.png); background-repeat: no-repeat;\"><font face=\"verdana, geneva, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">For further reading, refer to these posts:<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify; background-image: url(&quot;http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/tutorials\/images\/cross_mark.png&quot;); background-repeat: no-repeat;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/the-secret-to-writing-the-introduction-and-methods-section-of-a-manuscript\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">The secret to writing the introduction and methods section of a manuscript<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify; background-image: url(&quot;http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/tutorials\/images\/cross_mark.png&quot;); background-repeat: no-repeat;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/the-secret-to-writing-the-results-and-discussion-section-of-a-manuscript\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">The secret to writing the results and discussion section of a manuscript<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The core purpose of writing a paper is to go beyond mere presentation of facts and thoughts. It is to reach out to the reader\u2014to communicate your research effectively and help readers understand the issues at hand.This article introduces and illustrates various concepts for structuring a manuscript such that readers take away the most important [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":33313,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2377,2417,2400],"tags":[1741,6,2557,1803,944],"new_categories":[],"new_tags":[],"series":[],"class_list":["post-1937","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-methods","category-planning-to-write","category-results-discussion","tag-discussion-section","tag-zh-hans-imrad","tag-introduction-section","tag-methods-section","tag-results-section"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Manuscript structure: How to convey your most important ideas through your paper | Editage Insights<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This post explains how you can structure your manuscript so that readers take away the most important messages. 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