{"id":2050,"date":"2014-12-11T12:02:44","date_gmt":"2014-12-11T12:02:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/tips-on-specifying-the-steps-of-a-polymerase-chain-reaction-for-thermocycles-and-primers\/"},"modified":"2025-04-05T13:26:58","modified_gmt":"2025-04-05T13:26:58","slug":"tips-on-specifying-the-steps-of-a-polymerase-chain-reaction-for-thermocycles-and-primers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/tips-on-specifying-the-steps-of-a-polymerase-chain-reaction-for-thermocycles-and-primers","title":{"rendered":"Tips on specifying the steps of a polymerase chain reaction for thermocycles and primers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is commonly used for \u2018amplifying\u2019 lengths of DNA, that is, for multiplying, or making millions of copies, of a given length of DNA. This method is particularly useful when only a small sample of DNA is available.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">What concerns us here is the correct way to specify the steps of a PCR, each of which involves a combination of temperature and the duration (in seconds) over which a given temperature is maintained. Each sequence of these steps makes a cycle, and such cycles are repeated many times over (the entire process is automatic). Below are some tips of presenting steps of a PCR:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><strong>1. Temperature<\/strong>: Specifying temperatures is quite straightforward. They are always expressed in degrees Celsius (<strong>\u00b0C<\/strong>), that is, the degree symbol and a capital <strong>C<\/strong>. Whereas nearly all scientific style guides including<em>\u00a0Scientific Style and Format<\/em>\u00a0[1] and the current official recommendations [2]\u00a0of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures clearly specify that a single space should separate the value and unit, as in <strong>27 \u00b0C<\/strong>, the<em>\u00a0AMA Manual of Style<\/em>\u00a0recommends [3] that the two parts should be set closed up, as in <strong>27\u00b0C<\/strong>. Follow the guidelines from the style guides recommended by the journal.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">A related matter is that of the degree symbol. Make sure that you use the correct symbol for the degree i.e. <strong>\u00b0 <\/strong>and not a superscript <strong>o<\/strong> (<sup>o<\/sup>) or <strong>zero<\/strong> (<sup>0<\/sup>). Type alt + 0176 or type 00B0 (or simply the letter b followed by a zero followed by alt x) to get the correct symbol.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><strong>2. Duration<\/strong>:\u00a0 The symbol for second is <strong>s<\/strong> (a small s); do not abbreviate it to <strong>sec<\/strong>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><strong>3. Prime sign<\/strong>: Primers are short chains of nucleotides. The \u2018forward\u2019 primer identifies the start or 5&#8242; region of DNA to be amplified and the \u2018reverse\u2019 primer identifies the ends or the 3&#8242; region of a DNA fragment. As far as the correct style is concerned, remember to use the correct prime sign and not the apostrophe: type \u20182b9\u2019 (2, followed by b, followed by 9, followed by alt x) or use the character map utility of Windows and search for the character.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">[1] CSE, Style Manual Committee. 2014.<em>\u00a0Scientific Style and Format: the CSE manual for authors, editors, and publishers<\/em>, 8th edn, p. 163. Wheat Ridge, Colorado, USA: Council of Science Editors. 722 pp.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">[2] Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. 2006.<em>\u00a0The International System of Units (SI)<\/em>, 8th edn., p. 133. Paris: BIPM. 180 pp.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">[3] AMA. 2007.<em>\u00a0AMA Manual of Style: a guide for authors and editors<\/em>, 10th edn., p. 792. New York: Oxford University Press [and American Medical Association]. 1010 pp.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is commonly used for \u2018amplifying\u2019 lengths of DNA, that is, for multiplying, or making millions of copies, of a given length of DNA. This method is particularly useful when only a small sample of DNA is available. What concerns us here is the correct way to specify the steps of a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":33313,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2427],"tags":[2643],"new_categories":[],"new_tags":[],"series":[],"class_list":["post-2050","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-style-format","tag-formatting-tips"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Tips on specifying the steps of a polymerase chain reaction for thermocycles and primers | Editage Insights<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This post explains how to print temperatures, seconds, and primers in describing a polymerase chain reaction.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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