
{"id":23550,"date":"2024-05-23T11:08:30","date_gmt":"2024-05-23T11:08:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/staging.avdheshsharma.com\/strategies-to-reach-a-wider-audience-using-plain-language-summaries\/"},"modified":"2024-07-30T14:19:36","modified_gmt":"2024-07-30T14:19:36","slug":"strategies-to-reach-a-wider-audience-using-plain-language-summaries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/strategies-to-reach-a-wider-audience-using-plain-language-summaries","title":{"rendered":"Strategies to reach a wider audience using plain-language summaries"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"margin-bottom:0in; margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Sitka Text&quot;\">Imagine that your manuscript has been accepted by a prestigious journal after post-review revisions and you are thrilled about it. Congratulations! However, who else other than the readers of that journal will read, let alone understand, your paper? And yet your findings are of practical importance, and many more stand to benefit from your research. Journalists too will be happy to write about your work\u2014once they understand what it is all about. A plain-language summary of your paper is the right channel to reach those readers and to boost your Altmetrics score in the bargain.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><b><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Sitka Text&quot;\">Plain-language summaries: what and why<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:0in; margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Sitka Text&quot;\">An abstract of your paper helps its readers decide whether they should look up the full paper. This means the abstract is meant for the same people who may choose to read the full paper and saves their time: a plain-language summary of your paper, on the other hand, is meant for those who are not specialists in the topic of your paper\u2014who may not even be academics\u2014and helps them understand what the paper is about and why it matters. Perhaps the only thing an abstract and a plain-language summary have in common is their length, which is typically about 300 words, but the choice and arrangement of those words require a skill quite different from that required to write the abstract. Different, not difficult, and here are some tips on writing plain-language summaries.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><b><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Sitka Text&quot;\">Remove roadblocks<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:0in; margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Sitka Text&quot;\">A piece of writing may be difficult to understand because of several reasons: unfamiliar abbreviations, unfamiliar words, abstract concepts, and even the length of a sentence. Even familiar words may have unfamiliar meanings, each restricted to a given field (take the word \u201cfield\u201d itself, which can be found in papers on physics, word processing, sports, and agriculture, for example; the word means something different in each of these \u201cfields\u201d). Effective plain-language summaries avoid these roadblocks. For experts, a major difficulty is what Steven Pinker refers to as the \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psychologicalscience.org\/observer\/the-curse-of-knowledge-pinker-describes-a-key-cause-of-bad-writing\" style=\"color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:&quot;Sitka Text&quot;\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">curse of knowledge<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Sitka Text&quot;\">\u201d: once you know something, it is virtually impossible to \u201cunknow\u201d it; that knowledge prevents you from looking at the topic from the perspective of those who do not know, who include most readers of such summaries. I still remember the blank face of a chemical engineer, who, upon asking an agricultural scientist what tuber crops are, was told, \u201cOh, tuber crops are crops in which the polarity of growth is reversed.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><b><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Sitka Text&quot;\">Write effective explanatory prose<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:0in; margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Sitka Text&quot;\">To my mind, the skill to explain science to non-scientists is to be acquired not so much by reading books and articles on plain language (including this one!) or on how to write as by reading the prose of those who have mastered the craft: Richard Dawkins and Philip Ball are two names that readily come to mind, but there are many others, including the winners of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/medals-and-prizes\/science-book-prize\/\" style=\"color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:&quot;Sitka Text&quot;\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">the book prize awarded annually by the Royal Society<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Sitka Text&quot;\">: each year, a \u201cpanel of expert judges, comprising eminent scientists, authors, journalists and broadcasters, choose the book that they believe makes popular science writing compelling and accessible to the public.\u201d Here are some strategies often adopted by these writers.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Sitka Text&quot;\">1.\u00a0<b>Establish context and importance<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:0in; margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Sitka Text&quot;\">For experts, new findings are sufficient because they know the context and can assess the significance of the findings; for non-experts, that context must be supplied. You may have found a way of precipitating all dissolved salts in seawater, but a plain-language summary should explain that the method has the potential to convert seawater into potable water cheaply and quickly.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Sitka Text&quot;\">2.\u00a0<b>Give examples<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:0in; margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Sitka Text&quot;\">We construct concepts from examples, or understand what is abstract from a number of concrete examples. To explain to a gardener that a plant grown from seed is unlikely to have the exact same characters as those of the plant from which the seed was obtained, you may point out that children are not exact copies of their parents, whereas a plant grown from a cutting of the \u201cmother\u201d plant is identical to it.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Sitka Text&quot;\">3.\u00a0<b>Use analogies<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:0in; margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Sitka Text&quot;\">Analogies are based on a simple principle of teaching, namely, \u201cgo from known to the unknown.\u201d Analogies also make something that is abstract into something that is concrete and therefore are easily visualized and understood. In explaining the long-term injuries from prolonged exposure to high-decibel noise, one writer compared the fine hair that line the cochlea with grass that is trampled upon repeatedly: instead of springing back to being erect again, the blades of grass\u2014and the \u201cstereocilia,\u201d as the cochlear hair are known\u2014stay crumpled, representing permanent damage.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"page-break-after:avoid\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><b><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Sitka Text&quot;\">Practice explanatory writing<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:0in; margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Sitka Text&quot;\">If you wish to try your hand at writing simply, try the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/splasho.com\/upgoer5\/\" style=\"color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:&quot;Sitka Text&quot;\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">Up-Goer Five<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Sitka Text&quot;\"> text editor, which challenges you to explain a concept or an idea using only the one thousand most frequently used words. Among a couple of tips the website offers is to enclose the difficult words within quotes and to turn inanimate entities into people by giving them titles (Mr.\u00a0Hydrogen for hydrogen, for example).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:0in; margin:0in 0in 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Sitka Text&quot;\">The crux of effective plain-language summaries is that people with no specialist knowledge should be able to understand the summaries. Therefore, you would do well to test the summary you have written by asking a few people to read it and checking how well they understand the text. You also need to keep in mind the requirements, in terms of style and length, of the journal for which the summary is being prepared. It may be hard work, but remember the reward\u2014a much greater reach for your work.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Imagine that your manuscript has been accepted by a prestigious journal after post-review revisions and you are thrilled about it. Congratulations! However, who else other than the readers of that journal will read, let alone understand, your paper? And yet your findings are of practical importance, and many more stand to benefit from your research. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":28117,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2417,2397],"tags":[2735,2716,2734],"new_categories":[],"new_tags":[],"series":[],"class_list":["post-23550","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-planning-to-write","category-public-engagement","tag-article-summaries","tag-research-communication","tag-science-communication"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Strategies to reach a wider audience using plain-language summaries | Editage Insights<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn in depth how to write plain-language summaries and know more about the strategies you can use to write them.\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta 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