{"id":23570,"date":"2024-07-03T14:40:13","date_gmt":"2024-07-03T14:40:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/staging.avdheshsharma.com\/parallel-construction-in-academic-text\/"},"modified":"2025-02-15T06:38:44","modified_gmt":"2025-02-15T06:38:44","slug":"parallel-construction-in-academic-text","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/parallel-construction-in-academic-text","title":{"rendered":"Parallel construction in academic text"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Parallel construction is one of those mechanisms that you notice only <\/span><\/span><\/span>when <\/span><\/span><\/span>it is violated, making you stumble as you read<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span> Try this: \u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>The monthly mean maximum temperatures were 20 \u00b0C, 23 \u00b0C, 27 \u00b0C, and 30 \u00b0C in December, January, and February, respectively.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span> Eh? What was that? Is <\/span><\/span><\/span>a month missing or is one value surplus to requirements? Here, we have two <\/span><\/span><\/span>series<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> and they are not \u2018parallel\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>: one <\/span><\/span><\/span>contains<\/span><\/span><\/span> four items <\/span><\/span><\/span>whereas<\/span><\/span><\/span> the other <\/span><\/span><\/span>contains<\/span><\/span><\/span> three, leading to a mismatch<\/span><\/span><\/span>. Here is another<\/span><\/span><\/span> but a<\/span><\/span><\/span> bit more subtle<\/span><\/span><\/span> example: \u201cThe objectives of the <\/span><\/span><\/span>study<\/span><\/span><\/span> were<\/span><\/span><\/span> to <\/span><\/span><\/span>identify trends, to assess their impact on population, and finding ways to predict their effects a decade ahead.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span> Using \u2018to find\u2019 instead of \u2018finding\u2019 makes the series \u2018parallel<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2019.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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These examples <\/span><\/span><\/span>show that a <\/span><\/span><\/span>piece of <\/span><\/span><\/span>text that is not parallel belies expectations<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> and thus distracts readers <\/span><\/span><\/span>whereas<\/span><\/span><\/span> parallel text makes for <\/span><\/span><\/span>a <\/span><\/span><\/span>smoother reading experience. Let us examine the concept in a bit more detail.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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What is parallel structure<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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A series of items, or a list, is considered parallel when each item in the series conforms to the same grammatical or syntactical structure<\/span><\/span><\/span>:\u00a0 each item can be a single word, a phrase, a clause, or a complete sentence\u2014and whatever it may be, all items in that list must then be the same (words, phrases, clauses, etc.)<\/span><\/span><\/span> and presented in the same sequence with identical punctuation (when required)<\/span><\/span><\/span>. Each such item can even be a question, the list serving as a series of questions.<\/span><\/span><\/span> Here are some well-known examples.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u2022 Single words: \u201cI have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Winston Churchill<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u2022 Phrases: \u201cGovernment of the people by the people, <\/span><\/span><\/span>for the people.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Abraham Lincoln<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u2022 Clauses: \u201cHappiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Mahatma Gandhi<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u2022 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Sentences: \u201cThe time for the healing of the wounds has come. The moment to bridge the chasms that divide us has come. The time to build is upon us.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Nelson Mandela<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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It is no accident that all the above examples are from politicians who were also powerful speakers<\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span><\/span>speakers who were masters of the rhetoric<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Parallel structure in academic writing<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Whereas politicians aim to influence their audience, a<\/span><\/span><\/span>cademic writ<\/span><\/span><\/span>ers<\/span><\/span><\/span> aim to inform and to explain<\/span><\/span><\/span>; <\/span><\/span><\/span>yet,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> parallel structure has its place in academic writing too because information presented using a parallel structure is easier to assimilate and even to recollect.<\/span><\/span><\/span> In fact, the concept has been researched upon, and the finding was clear: \u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>Reading time for the second clause of a conjoined sentence was found to be faster when the<\/span><\/span><\/span> clause was structurally similar to the first clause than when the clausal structures differed.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Parallel structure also makes writing more concise because the authors use the structure itself to avoid <\/span><\/span><\/span>repetition<\/span><\/span><\/span>, as in \u201cSodium chloride was dissolved in water; <\/span><\/span><\/span>copper <\/span><\/span><\/span>sulfate<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, in xylene; and potassium nitrate, in benzene\u201d or \u201cbacteria were collected from soil; fungi, from infected leaves; and <\/span><\/span><\/span>spores, from air just above the crop canopy\u201d. Incidentally, note the use of commas and semicolons in these examples.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Although the two examples given above are of a single sentence, parallel structure <\/span><\/span><\/span>operates<\/span><\/span><\/span> across multiple sentences, typically in lists of bullet points, and violations of parallel structure are often seen with such lists. In reports, conclusions and recommendations are often presented as lists and it is particularly important to ensure that items in such lists are parallel. <\/span><\/span><\/span>In the following table, the right-hand column presents the conclusions of a study <\/span><\/span><\/span>whereas<\/span><\/span><\/span> the left-hand column<\/span><\/span><\/span> presents the recommendations based on those conclusions<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span> Note the parallel structure in both the columns: one uses declarative sentences <\/span><\/span><\/span>whereas<\/span><\/span><\/span> the other uses direct commands.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Different industries prefer different modes of transport.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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Find the mode of transport preferred by the selected industry.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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Rail is the cheapest <\/span><\/span><\/span>option<\/span><\/span><\/span> as expressed in tonnes per kilometre.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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Prefer rail to other modes of transport wherever possible.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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Industries that are 5 km or closer to a source of water are more likely to pollute that source.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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Install treatment plants in all industries within 5<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u202fkm from a source of water.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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Trees irrigated with untreated wastewater produced fewer fruits.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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Do not use untreated wastewater to irrigate fruit trees.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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The cost of treating wastewater is unlikely to be less than $10 for every 1000 litres.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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Ensure a budget that <\/span><\/span><\/span>allocates<\/span><\/span><\/span> at least $10 for every 1000 litres of wastewater to be treated.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Ensuring parallel structure<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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However, to ensure parallel structure requires some knowledge of grammar: a recent study<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> traced the difficulty in achieving parallel structure to the inability to <\/span><\/span><\/span>identify<\/span><\/span><\/span> the <\/span><\/span><\/span>appropriate part<\/span><\/span><\/span> of speech \u2013 verb, noun, adjective \u2013 that needed to be parallel.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Final tips<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u2022 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Read aloud any text that requires parallel structure: disturbed rhythm while reading aloud is a reliable indicator of unparallel structure.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u2022 Brush up your grammar so that you can pinpoint the part of speech that needs to be the same in each item in the series to ensure that it is parallel.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

References<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

1 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Krohn<\/span><\/span><\/span> T<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span>n.d.<\/span><\/span><\/span> Reader Expectations<\/span><\/span><\/span>: <\/span><\/span><\/span>To write clearly, we must first understand what readers expect<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0
https:\/\/www.reallywrite.com\/learn\/reader-expectations-clear-writing<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Atkinson M.<\/span><\/span><\/span> 20<\/span><\/span><\/span>04<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Lend Me Your Ears<\/span><\/span><\/span>: <\/span><\/span><\/span>all you need to know about making speeches and presentations<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, p. 195. London: Vermillion (Ebury Press, Random House). <\/span><\/span><\/span>376 pp.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Frazier L, Taft L, Roeper T, Clifton C, and Ehrlich K. 1984. Parallel structure: a source of facilitation in sentence comprehension.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Memory & Cognition<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> 12<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>: 421\u2013430<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Sari A P and Oktavia W. 2023. English students\u2019 difficulties with parallel structure in the structure and written expression section in TOEFL test.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Journal of English Language and Teaching<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> 12<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>: 106\u2013121<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Parallel construction is one of those mechanisms that you notice only when it is violated, making you stumble as you read. Try this: \u201cThe monthly mean maximum temperatures were 20 \u00b0C, 23 \u00b0C, 27 \u00b0C, and 30 \u00b0C in December, January, and February, respectively.\u201d Eh? What was that? Is a month missing or is one […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":28074,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2375],"tags":[2636],"new_categories":[],"new_tags":[],"series":[],"class_list":["post-23570","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-grammar-language","tag-grammar-tips"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nParallel construction in academic text | Editage Insights<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Here we provide some examples of parallelism, parallel grammatical structure, parallelism in literatureparallel structure and faulty parallelism to help you in your writing.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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