{"id":2479,"date":"2019-05-02T09:59:16","date_gmt":"2019-05-02T09:59:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/new-giant-virus-may-help-understand-the-emergence-of-complex-life\/"},"modified":"2025-02-19T06:51:27","modified_gmt":"2025-02-19T06:51:27","slug":"new-giant-virus-may-help-understand-the-emergence-of-complex-life","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/new-giant-virus-may-help-understand-the-emergence-of-complex-life","title":{"rendered":"New giant virus may help understand the emergence of complex life"},"content":{"rendered":"

The discovery of the Medusavirus holds clues to the evolution of more complex life. The paper published in the Journal of Virology earlier this year has been creating waves because of the ability of the Medusavirus to turn amoeba into \u201cstone.\u201d However, the bigger discovery is the possible relationship between the Medusavirus and the evolution of complex life. Tokyo University of Science has released a video\u00a0and an infographic to explain this phenomenon. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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A team of scientists led by virologist Masaharu Takemura at Tokyo University of Science and Hiroyuki Ogata at Kyoto University in Japan have discovered a giant virus that, much like the mythical monster Medusa, can turn almost amoeba to a stone-like cyst. Isolated from a hot spring in Japan and eponymously dubbed Medusavirus, this virus infects a species of amoeba known as Acanthamoeba castellanii<\/i> and causes it to develop a hard, stony shell.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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With the Medusavirus, scientists discovered that DNA replication occurred in the nucleus of the host amoeba and observed evidence of exchange of genetic information between the host and the virus as they coevolved. They also found that the giant virus harbors in its ancient genome some of the complex proteins that make up the building blocks of eukaryotic organisms such as animals, plants, and humans. Understanding the presence of these proteins in the virus\u2019 genome may help scientists tackle some of the hardest questions about our origins. In fact, \u201cgenomics research of the giant virus indicates that there is likely a relationship between the Medusavirus and the origin of eukaryotic life,\u201d says Professor Takemura from Tokyo University of Science. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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A virus does not have the necessary \u201cmachinery\u201d to replicate. It does this inside its host cell\u00a0by releasing its genome and \u201chijacking\u201d the cell\u2019s machinery. When a virus invades an organism, it uses some of the host genes in order to replicate itself. This can leave a mark, like a fingerprint, on the host\u2019s DNA, which is then passed on for generations. The host also interacts with the virus, and the virus adopts new sequences that are preserved through time. The host and virus coevolve, and it is this \u201ccoevolution\u201d that is at the forefront of this insightful study. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Viruses are classified based on their genetic characteristics, that is, by how they generate mRNA to produce proteins and genetic material. The Medusavirus is a nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus, which belongs to a group of recently discovered eukaryotic viruses with large and complex double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. It is interesting because, unlike most viruses, it contains genes that encode for proteins involved in DNA packaging. The Medusavirus has a full set of histones, which are proteins that have evolved to keep the DNA folded inside the nucleus and regulate gene expression. This is particularly strange when you consider that viruses have no nucleus; this could mean that during the coevolution, the virus might have acquired the genes that encode these histones. With these findings, this study also makes a claim that the Medusavirus is a completely different family of viruses. Check out the video<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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When the Medusavirus petrifies the amoeba, it does so by hijacking the cell directly from its nucleus. The virus transfers its DNA to initiate replication and uses its own DNA polymerase (enzyme that synthesizes DNA) and histones, but overall, it relies on the host to complete the process. The results of an evolutionary analysis done by the authors suggest that in the evolution tree, the Medusavirus DNA polymerase lies at the origin of the DNA polymerase found in eukaryotes. As one of the authors, Dr Genki Yoshikwa from Kyoto University, puts it, this could mean that our DNA polymerase \u201cprobably originated from Medusavirus or one of its relatives.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Luckily, the Medusavirus won\u2019t be turning us into stone anytime soon.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Reference<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Title of original paper:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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Medusavirus: a Novel Large DNA Virus Discovered in Hot Spring Water<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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Journal:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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Journal of Virology<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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DOI:<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.02130-18<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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About<\/span><\/span><\/b> Tokyo University of Science<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tokyo University of Science <\/a>(TUS) is\u00a0a\u00a0well-known\u00a0and\u00a0respected\u00a0university, and the largest science-specialized private research\u00a0university in Japan, with four campuses in central Tokyo and its suburbs and in Hokkaido. Established in 1881, the university has continually contributed to Japan’s development in science through inculcating the love for science in researchers, technicians, and educators.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

With a mission of \u201cCreating science and technology for the harmonious development of nature, human bein<\/span><\/span>gs, and society”, TUS has undertaken a wide range of research from basic to applied science. TUS has embraced a multidisciplinary approach to research and undertaken intensive study in some of today’s most vital fields. TUS is a meritocracy where the best in science is recognized and nurtured. It is the only private university in Japan that has produced a Nobel Prize winner and the only private university in Asia to produce Nobel Prize winners within the natural sciences field.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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About the author\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ad<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Professor Masaharu Takemura from Tokyo University of Science<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Professor Masaharu Takemura<\/a> is a Professor of molecular biology & virology at the Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science. He is one of the corresponding authors of the paper and is engaged in the study of giant virus biology, evolutionary cell biology, and the origin of the eukaryotic nucleus. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Link: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Media contact<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Tsutomu Shimizu <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Email: <\/span><\/span><\/span>mediaoffice@admin.tus.ac.jp<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The discovery of the Medusavirus holds clues to the evolution of more complex life. The paper published in the Journal of Virology earlier this year has been creating waves because of the ability of the Medusavirus to turn amoeba into \u201cstone.\u201d However, the bigger discovery is the possible relationship between the Medusavirus and the evolution […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1152,"featured_media":33313,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2435],"tags":[2482],"new_categories":[],"new_tags":[],"series":[],"class_list":["post-2479","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-trending-research","tag-science-update"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNew giant virus may help understand the emergence of complex life | Editage Insights<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A group of Japanese researchers have discovered a new large DNA virus that may help understand 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