{"id":29637,"date":"2026-02-17T09:34:55","date_gmt":"2026-02-17T04:04:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/?p=29637"},"modified":"2026-02-16T16:56:50","modified_gmt":"2026-02-16T11:26:50","slug":"apa-citations-all-about-in-text-citations-in-apa-style","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/apa-citations-all-about-in-text-citations-in-apa-style","title":{"rendered":"APA Style Formatting Guidelines for In-text Citations and References"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">When\u00a0you\u2019ve\u00a0got so many formatting style guides to choose from (and journals also create their own), it can get tricky. Or, what if your target journal says you can follow any style at\u00a0initial\u00a0submission?\u00a0This blog explains\u00a0how to use\u00a0the\u00a0American Psychological Association (APA) style manual for in-text citations\u00a0and references along with\u00a0a quick\u00a0overview\u00a0of\u00a0other formatting\u00a0essentials of APA style.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#apa-format\">What is\u00a0APA\u00a0Format?<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#basic-principles\">Formatting\u00a0Citations\u00a0in APA Style: Basic\u00a0Principles<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#apa-citations\">APA\u00a0Style Guidelines for\u00a0In-text Citations<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#apa-references\">APA Reference Style Format<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#key-aspects\">General\u00a0APA\u00a0Formatting\u00a0Style for Journal Papers: Key\u00a0Aspects<\/a><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"apa-format\" style=\"padding-top: 80px; margin-top: -80px;\">What is\u00a0APA\u00a0Format?<\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A researcher in the social sciences\u00a0and behavioral sciences\u00a0should\u00a0be familiar with the 7<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">th<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202fedition of the\u202fAPA\u00a0style manual\u00a0[1].\u00a0This style guide is highly popular not only\u00a0in\u00a0psychology but also\u00a0in the fields of\u00a0sociology, anthropology,\u00a0and\u00a0political science.\u202fThe style guide outlines how\u00a0academic documents such as\u00a0research papers, theses, dissertations,\u00a0and case reports should be formatted.\u00a0It includes guidelines on page layout, font, margin, line spacing, heading styles, paragraph style, and citation &amp; reference format.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"basic-principles\" style=\"padding-top: 80px; margin-top: -80px;\">Formatting\u00a0Citations\u00a0in APA Style: Basic\u00a0Principles<\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The\u00a0APA style\u00a0citation\u00a0follows\u00a0the \u201cauthor-date\u201d\u00a0format,\u00a0wherein\u00a0a brief in-text citation\u00a0contains\u00a0the author(s)\u2019\u00a0surnames and year of publication.\u00a0This is accompanied by a full entry in the\u00a0reference list at the end of the paper. When writing or formatting a research paper\u00a0as per the APA style guide,\u00a0below are a few key points to note:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Spellings should match between in-text citations and the reference list.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Personal communications should be cited in the main text only (but if\u00a0you\u2019re\u00a0citing traditional knowledge or oral traditions of indigenous peoples, do go through the\u202fAPA guidelines\u202f[2]\u00a0for the same).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">All quotations require a citation.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Avoid using online sources that are not recoverable, such as personal emails, non-archived social media livestreams, or unarchived social media posts.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Limit long strings of citations, for the sake of readers using assistive technology like screen readers.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Any facts or figures that are\u00a0NOT\u00a0common knowledge require a citation.\u00a0For instance, you do\u00a0not need to cite a source when you state that humans are\u00a0mammals\u00a0but you\u00a0must\u00a0cite a source when you state that depression is a risk factor for suicide ideation.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Where possible, APA recommends that authors use primary sources rather than secondary sources.\u00a0This means that you refer to WHO reports on the incidence of malaria in X country, rather than cite a study that has not collected the actual incidence data.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Important:\u202f<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Every citation in the text MUST\u00a0have\u00a0a corresponding entry in the reference list. Likewise, every entry in the reference list should be cited at least once in the main text (or figure, table, footnote, or appendix).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:180,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Some people may tell you that you should cite only those works that have been published in the last 5-10 years. The APA\u202fpublicly calls this a myth\u00a0[3], and recommends citing reliable, primary sources with the most current information wherever possible.\u00a0There\u2019s\u00a0no date cutoff in APA style. Of course, some fields like neuropsychology or psycho-oncology advance very rapidly;\u00a0so\u00a0you do need to make sure you are keeping abreast of latest developments there.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:180,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"apa-citations\" style=\"padding-top: 80px; margin-top: -80px;\">APA\u00a0Style Guidelines for\u00a0In-text\u00a0Citations<\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In-text\u00a0citations\u00a0in APA\u00a0can be narrative or\u00a0parenthetical.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Parenthetical\u00a0Citations\u00a0in APA<\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In parenthetical citations, the author\u2019s name and the year of publication are placed\u00a0within\u00a0parentheses\u00a0in\u00a0the text.\u00a0In this style, the citation\u00a0can be written\u00a0at\u00a0the\u00a0middle or\u00a0at\u00a0the\u00a0end of a sentence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Example:\u00a0<\/strong><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A longitudinal, multi-center study (Rangypants, 2010) did not find any relationship between sleep duration and dementia risk.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Narrative\u00a0Citations\u00a0in APA<\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In narrative citations, write the author\u2019s name as a part of the sentence, and follow it by the publication year in parentheses.<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><\/b><br \/>\n<b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Example:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Rangypants\u00a0(2010) identified economic barriers to access to mental health services.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:480,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>How to Cite Sources in APA\u00a0Style Format<\/h3>\n<p>Citing sources in APA\u00a0differs\u00a0based on\u00a0the number of authors\u00a0and availability of information.\u00a0For instance,\u00a0there could be sources where the author is an organization. Some sources may not have all the details, like\u00a0publication\u00a0date\u00a0or page numbers may be missing.\u00a0The following\u00a0tables\u00a0highlight\u00a0how to write in-text citations\u00a0in different scenarios when following the APA style guide.<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:480,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Table 1: How to cite\u00a0works in APA\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:480,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table data-tablestyle=\"MsoNormalTable\" data-tablelook=\"1184\" aria-rowcount=\"5\">\n<tbody>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"1\">\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">No. of author(s)<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Parenthetical citation\u00a0example\u00a0format<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Narrative citation\u00a0example\u00a0format<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"2\">\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1\u202fauthor<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Nadal, 2004)\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Nadal\u00a0(2004)\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"3\">\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2\u202fauthors<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Taylor\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Devon,\u00a02021)\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Taylor\u00a0and\u00a0Devon\u00a0(2021)\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"4\">\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3 or more authors<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Romera\u00a0et al., 2014)\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Romera\u00a0et al. (2014)\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"5\">\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Organization as an author*\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(ISRO, 2024)\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ISRO\u00a0(2024)\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">*When citing for the first time in text, the expanded\u00a0form must be mentioned along\u00a0with\u00a0the\u00a0abbreviation: (e.g.,\u00a0(Indian Space Research Organization\u00a0[ISRO],\u00a02024)).\u00a0Subsequent\u00a0citations\u00a0should mention only the\u00a0abbreviation\u00a0(e.g.,\u00a0(ISRO,\u00a02024)).\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:480,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Table 2: How to cite works with missing details in APA<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:480,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table data-tablestyle=\"MsoNormalTable\" data-tablelook=\"1184\" aria-rowcount=\"5\">\n<tbody>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"1\">\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Missing\u00a0information<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Solution<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">APA style citation<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"2\">\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Author\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Write\u00a0the title of the\u00a0work\u00a0in title case\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What is the structure of a research paper<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u00a02020)\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"3\">\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Date\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Write\u00a0\u201cn.d.\u201d (indicates\u00a0no date)\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Williams, n.d.)\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"4\">\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Page number\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Write\u00a0an alternative locator\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Hamilton,\u00a02021,\u00a0para.\u00a03)\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">OR<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Verstappen, 2023,\u00a0Chapter\u00a05)\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"5\">\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Title\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Describe the source\u202fwhen listing under references\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"69905\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Leeroy,\u00a02018)\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[no change\u00a0in citation format]\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"apa-references\" style=\"padding-top: 80px; margin-top: -80px;\">APA Reference Style Format<\/h2>\n<p>It is also important to format your reference list as per the style guide\u2019s requirements.\u00a0In APA, the list of references should start on a\u00a0separate\u00a0page\u00a0with the heading \u201cReferences\u201d written in bold and centered on the page.\u00a0The\u00a0works should then be alphabetically sorted\u00a0with\u00a0a\u00a0hanging indent of 0.5\u00a0inch and double line spaced.<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:480,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Notable Changes in\u00a0Reference Page Format (APA 7th Edition)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">List up to 20 authors; for more than 20 authors, add ellipses (\u2026) between the 19<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">th<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0and the last author.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Both DOIs and other URLs must be added as hyperlinks; do not prefix the URLs\u00a0with \u201cDOI:\u201d<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Publisher location need not be mentioned for books.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Titles are written in\u00a0title\u00a0case (capitalize only the first word\u00a0and proper nouns in the title).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>How to Format References in APA Style<\/h3>\n<p>The format of references varies\u00a0based on the type of source. Journal articles, books, and thesis\/dissertations are the most referenced works. However,\u00a0sources like podcast videos, webpages, and news articles could also be referenced. The table below explains the format for\u00a0different types\u00a0of sources along with examples.<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:480,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Table 3: How to format references in APA\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:180,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table data-tablestyle=\"MsoTableGrid\" data-tablelook=\"1184\" aria-rowcount=\"8\">\n<tbody>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"1\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Source type<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:180,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Reference list format<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:180,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Example<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:180,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"2\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Journal article<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:180,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Author1, A.\u00a0A,\u00a0&amp; Author2, B. B. (Year of publication).\u00a0Article title.\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Journal name,\u00a0Volume<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(issue), page range. DOI<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:180,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Pasini, A., Torre, L., Romeo, L., Cervone, A.,\u00a0&amp;\u00a0D\u2019Agostino,\u00a0L.,\u00a0(2010).\u00a0Reduced-order model for H<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">O<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0catalytic reactor performance analysis,\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Journal of Propulsion Power,\u00a026<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(3),\u00a0446\u2013453.\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2514\/1.44355\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2514\/1.44355<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:180,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"3\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Book<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:180,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Author, A. A. (Year of Publication).\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Title of the\u00a0book.\u202f<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Publisher.\u00a0DOI\u202f\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:180,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Hendricks,\u00a0L.,\u00a0Shane,\u00a0W.,\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Rao, A. (2024).\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Athletes in action:\u00a0The evolution of\u00a0Olympics<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0Penguin Random\u00a0House. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/00034-9056<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:180,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"4\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Book\u00a0chapter\u202f<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:180,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Author1, A. A., &amp; Author2, B. B. (Year).\u00a0Title of the chapter title. In Initial.\u00a0Surname (Eds.),\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Book title<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f(chapter\u00a0page\u00a0number). Publisher. DOI of\u00a0the\u00a0chapter\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:180,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Walid,\u00a0Z. A.,\u00a0Thomas,\u00a0H. L., &amp;\u00a0Nadine,\u00a0D.\u00a0C.\u00a0(2016).\u00a0Balancing\u00a0extracurricular activities with core subjects. In\u00a0M.\u00a0Calvin\u00a0&amp;\u00a0B.\u00a0M.\u00a0Andrews\u00a0(Eds.),\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Promoting\u00a0holistic learning in schools<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(pp. 17\u201325).\u00a0Penguin Random House. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/005670-638<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:180,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"5\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Dissertation\/Thesis<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:180,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Author, A. A. (Year of Publication).\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Title of dissertation\/thesis\u202f<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[Master\u2019s\u00a0thesis\/Doctoral dissertation, Name of institution]. URL or database name\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:180,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Maya,\u00a0H.\u00a0L.\u00a0(2025).\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Genuine reviews\u00a0to\u00a0paid promotions: The evolution of influencer marketing<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0[Doctoral dissertation,\u00a0Stanford\u00a0University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:180,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"6\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Webpage<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:180,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day).\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Title of\u00a0webpage<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Website name. URL\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:180,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Oliver,\u00a0K. (2022,\u00a0June\u00a014).\u00a0Creamy vegan mushroom stroganoff.\u00a0Yummy Tummy.\u00a0https:\/\/yummytummy.com\/creamy-vegan-mushroom-stroganoff<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:180,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"7\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Podcast episode<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:180,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Host name, A. A. (Host). (Year, Month Day). Title (episode number if known) [Podcast episode\u00a0name]. In\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Title of podcast.\u202f<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Publisher. URL\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:180,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Whitaker,\u00a0S. (Host). (2025, October 21)\u00a0Become a Nat Geo Photographer and Explorer\u00a0(No. 17)\u00a0[Audio podcast]. In\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Some Like\u00a0it\u00a0Wild<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0Spotify. https:\/\/www.spotify.com\/season-1-episodes\/episode-17<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:180,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"8\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Newspaper\u00a0article<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:180,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of the article.\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Title of the Newspaper<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. URL\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:180,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\">\n<p aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Smith,\u00a0B. (2021,\u00a0March\u00a05).\u00a0Barcelona\u2019s Gerard Pique\u00a0set\u00a0to be out for weeks with\u00a0right\u00a0knee injury.\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The\u00a0Indian Express<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/sports\/football\/gerard-pique-barcelona-right-knee-injury-update-7215106\/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245418&quot;:true,&quot;134245529&quot;:true,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"key-aspects\" style=\"padding-top: 80px; margin-top: -80px;\">General\u00a0APA\u00a0Formatting\u00a0Style for Journal Papers: Key\u00a0Aspects<\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The APA style guide provides a template\u00a0that authors can directly use\u00a0for formatting research papers.\u00a0Here are the basic things you should be taking care of\u00a0when formatting your research paper as per APA style:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:180,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Keep 1-inch margins on all 4 sides.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Use\u00a012-point Times New Roman font with double line spacing.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">First\u00a0line of paragraphs should be indented by 0.5 inch.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Page numbers\u00a0must be written\u00a0in the top right-hand side\u00a0corner.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Provide a running head\u00a0(abbreviated paper title)\u00a0of 50 or fewer characters, including spaces, on the\u00a0top\u00a0left-hand side corner of\u00a0all pages.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Here is a\u202f<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/cheat-sheet-american-psychological-association-manual-of-style\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">handy cheat sheet<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u202f<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">covering the\u00a0fundamentals\u00a0of APA style.\u00a0You can also\u00a0refer\u00a0to this\u00a0helpful\u202f<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/apa-style-cheat-sheet-how-to-cite-a-journal-article-using-apa-style?refer=insights-search-posts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">infographic<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">to understand\u00a0the\u00a0format for citing\u00a0journal articles in APA.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:150,&quot;335559739&quot;:180,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">References<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1. American Psychological Association (APA)\u2019s style manual <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/citations\/basic-principles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/citations\/basic-principles<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2. APA guidelines for personal communication <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/citations\/personal-communications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/citations\/personal-communications<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3. The \u201coutdated sources\u201d myth <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/blog\/outdated-sources-myth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/blog\/outdated-sources-myth<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">Originally published on September 2, 2024. Revised on February 17, 2026\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learn to format APA citations in the text, for works with one author, multiple authors, no authors, etc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":44941,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2427],"tags":[2903,2904,2469,1403,2611],"new_categories":[],"new_tags":[],"series":[],"class_list":["post-29637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-style-format","tag-apa-citation","tag-apa-formatting","tag-apa-style","tag-in-text-citations","tag-manuscript-formatting"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>APA Style Guide: In-Text 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