{"id":29652,"date":"2026-02-27T08:18:58","date_gmt":"2026-02-27T02:48:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/?p=29652"},"modified":"2026-03-11T10:34:04","modified_gmt":"2026-03-11T05:04:04","slug":"mla-formatting-style-guide-for-research-papers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/mla-formatting-style-guide-for-research-papers","title":{"rendered":"MLA Style Formatting Guidelines: Complete Style Guide for Header, Headings, In-text Citations, and References"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Are you planning a research career in literature, language studies, art history, etc.? Get familiar with the requirements of the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Modern Language Association (MLA) style guide<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0[1], because\u00a0it\u2019s\u00a0one of the most\u00a0popular style\u00a0guides in these fields.\u00a0You\u2019ll\u00a0especially need a good working knowledge of MLA citation style.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#mla-format\">What is\u00a0MLA\u00a0Format?<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#mla-header\">MLA Header and Title Page<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#mla-heading\">MLA Headings and Subheadings<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#mla-citation\">Formatting Citations in MLA Style<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#mla-reference\">Works Cited Page in MLA<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#mla-style\">General MLA Formatting Style: Key Aspects<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#mla-faq\">Frequently Asked Questions on MLA Citation Style<\/a><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"mla-format\" style=\"padding-top: 80px; margin-top: -80px;\">What is MLA Format?<\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The MLA style guide\u00a0includes a set of<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">rules for formatting\u00a0research\u00a0papers\u00a0a\u00a0certain way, specifically in the Humanities field,\u00a0to\u00a0maintain\u00a0uniformity in presentation.\u00a0The 9<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">th<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0edition of the MLA style guide,\u00a0introduced in 2021,\u00a0outlines detailed\u00a0instructions\u00a0for authors on formatting\u00a0headers, citations, references, tables, and figures, among other elements of a research paper.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"mla-header\" style=\"padding-top: 80px; margin-top: -80px;\">MLA Header and Title\u00a0Page<\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">There is no need for a separate title page in MLA.\u00a0The main paper typically starts with an MLA header which also\u00a0contains\u00a0the title of the\u00a0paper.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The header starts with four\u00a0important\u00a0details:\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">your\u00a0full\u00a0name<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the name of your supervisor\u00a0or instructor<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the course name<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the date of submission\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">All these details must be left aligned\u00a0and\u00a0written on separate lines\u00a0on the header\u00a0page.\u00a0Do not forget to include a running head at the top right-hand side corner,\u00a0which\u00a0contains\u00a0your surname and the page number.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The title should be centered\u00a0below the line\u00a0indicating\u00a0the due date for the\u00a0assignment\u00a0submission.\u00a0Some supervisors might instruct you to create a separate title page;\u00a0in such cases,\u00a0follow the guidelines outlined\u00a0by them.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"mla-heading\" style=\"padding-top: 80px; margin-top: -80px;\">MLA Headings and Subheadings<\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Headings and subheadings help you organize and structure the content of your paper better, making it easy for readers\u00a0to\u00a0follow\u00a0your research.\u00a0In the MLA format,\u00a0headings should be written in title case and\u00a0left-aligned\u00a0with the page margin.\u00a0The font and size can be the same as that of the main text,\u00a0but\u00a0don\u2019t\u00a0add a\u00a0period after the heading.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The guidelines are not that strict for headings and subheadings\u00a0in MLA,\u00a0so you\u00a0may\u00a0use boldface for the main headings and italicize the subheadings to differentiate between the two.\u00a0The key requirement is that\u00a0you\u00a0remain\u00a0consistent\u00a0when writing\u00a0headings\u00a0at all levels.\u00a0For example,\u00a0all level 1 headings\u00a0must be in the same font, size,\u00a0and\u00a0style\u00a0and the same must be\u00a0maintained\u00a0for the\u00a0subsequent\u00a0heading levels\u00a0(level 2, level 3, etc.)\u00a0as well.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"mla-citation\" style=\"padding-top: 80px; margin-top: -80px;\">Formatting Citations in MLA Style<\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Formatting citations in MLA style is\u00a0quite straightforward.\u00a0The purpose is simply to direct the readers to the Works Cited list and the\u00a0locator,\u00a0i.e.,\u00a0the page number,\u00a0in the\u00a0cited\u00a0source.\u00a0The\u00a0in-text\u00a0citation should include\u00a0the author\u2019s surname\u00a0(or last name)\u00a0and page number in parentheses.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The citation style varies depending on the number of authors for\u00a0a work.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">For a single author,\u00a0the author\u2019s surname and page number should be\u00a0mentioned<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">For\u00a0two authors,\u00a0specify the\u00a0last\u00a0names of both authors\u00a0separated by \u201cand\u201d\u00a0and\u00a0then\u00a0include the page number<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">For three or more authors,\u00a0mention the first author\u2019s last name followed by\u00a0\u201cet al.\u201d<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">When it comes to page numbers in MLA format, you need to provide the specific page number\u00a0or a page range\u00a0based on the information you are citing.\u00a0Also, if you want to cite two non-consecutive page numbers from the same source,\u00a0both page numbers\u00a0should be specified and\u00a0separated by a comma.\u00a0Basically, the\u00a0purpose is to let readers know\u00a0exactly\u00a0what details you have covered from the source.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table data-tablestyle=\"MsoTableGrid\" data-tablelook=\"1184\" aria-rowcount=\"4\">\n<tbody>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"1\">\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Number of authors<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">MLA in-text citation format<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">MLA in-text citation example<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"2\">\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">One<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(author\u2019s last name, page no.)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Manickam 34)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"3\">\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Two<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(author1\u2019s last name and author2\u2019s last name, page no.)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Bert and Ellis 45\u201348)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"4\">\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Three or more<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(author1\u2019s last name et al., page no.)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Slater et al.\u00a022, 65)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What if you want to cite\u00a0works as part of the sentence and not in\u00a0parentheses? Yes, MLA allows this. But\u00a0don\u2019t\u00a0include the page number\u00a0in the\u00a0middle of the\u00a0sentence; it should be mentioned in parentheses\u00a0at the end of it. See below example for clarity.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">You can write it as<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: red;\" data-contrast=\"none\">From a psychologist\u2019s perspective,\u00a0the so called \u201cred flags\u201d\u00a0in relationships\u00a0appear attractive rather than repulsive (Gandalf, 32).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">OR<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: red;\" data-contrast=\"none\">When talking about \u201cred flags\u201d in relationships, Gandalf notes that they attract people instead of repelling\u00a0(32).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">There can also be instances where the page numbers are not\u00a0available\u00a0or the source you are citing does not have an author. How do you deal with these? Read our FAQs section at the end to\u00a0know\u00a0more!<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"mla-reference\" style=\"padding-top: 80px; margin-top: -80px;\">Works Cited Page in MLA<\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Next,\u00a0let\u2019s\u00a0see\u00a0how the Works Cited page should be written in the MLA format\u00a0[2].\u00a0This page\u00a0is for readers to know all the works and sources you\u00a0referred\u00a0during your research. Every in-text citation\u00a0included in the main manuscript\u00a0should have a corresponding source listed here.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Basic Rules for the MLA Works Cited Page<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The Works Cited list must begin on a new page at the end of your manuscript.\u00a0The page should be formatted\u00a0similar to\u00a0the rest of the manuscript, i.e.,\u00a0use\u00a0one-inch margins, running head, and double-line spacing.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The title\u00a0Works Cited\u00a0must be placed at the center of the page at the top.\u00a0There\u2019s\u00a0no need to highlight\u00a0this\u00a0title in any unique manner,\u00a0so\u00a0don\u2019t\u00a0italicize or underline or write\u00a0it\u00a0in\u00a0boldface.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Arrange the\u00a0works\u00a0in the list\u00a0alphabetically based on the\u00a0first\u00a0item in\u00a0each entry,\u00a0which is usually the\u00a0last\u00a0name of the author.\u00a0If your source does not have an author,\u00a0then\u00a0arrange\u00a0it\u00a0alphabetically with the rest of\u00a0the works as per\u00a0the first letter of its\u00a0title.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">If your work\u00a0listed spans\u00a0multiple lines, the\u00a0second\u00a0and\u00a0subsequent\u00a0lines of the citations\u00a0must be indented by 0.5 inch to create a hanging indent.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">End all entries\u00a0with\u00a0a period.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Format and Examples\u00a0of Works Cited Page Entries<\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The following table summarizes the\u00a0MLA\u00a0format\u00a0for\u00a0different types\u00a0of entries\u00a0in a Works Cited page\u00a0along with examples.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table data-tablestyle=\"MsoTableGrid\" data-tablelook=\"1184\" aria-rowcount=\"21\">\n<tbody>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"1\">\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\" data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Journal article<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"2\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Format<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Author1\u2019s last name, First name, and Autrho2\u2019s first name, Last name. \u201cTitle of Article.\u201d\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Title of the Journal<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, vol.,\u00a0issue,\u00a0year\u00a0of publication, pp. (if available).\u202fDOI or URL.\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"3\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Example<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Vasilev, Andre, and\u00a0Paul Bettany. \u201cThe Evolution of Professional Sports in Middle East.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Sports International Journal<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, vol. 4,\u00a0no.\u00a05, 2021, pp.\u00a023<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201328<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1189\/345674-sij-04523\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"4\">\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\" data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Book<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"5\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Format<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Author\u2019s\u00a0last name, First name.\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Title of Book<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Publisher, Publication Date.\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"6\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Example<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Smith,\u00a0Jonas.\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The Running\u00a0Damsel<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Penguin Book House,\u00a02023<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"7\">\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\" data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Web page<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"8\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Format<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Author\u2019s\u00a0last name, First name. \u201cTitle of Webpage.\u201d\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Title of Website<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, URL. Access date.\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"9\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Example<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Slater,\u00a0Frederick. \u201cSharks\u00a0Impacted by Ocean Garbage Dump.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The Deep Blue Sea<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/deepbluesea.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/deepbluesea.com<\/span><\/a><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Accessed on 4 Mar.\u00a02025.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"10\">\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\" data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Video<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"11\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Format<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Author\/Creator. \u201cTitle of Video.\u201d\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Platform<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Date, URL.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"12\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Example<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Editage Insights \u201cPeer Reviewer Reveals Top 7 Reasons for Desk Rejection.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">YouTube<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a010 Apr. 2025,\u00a0https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=kfAH3ZGksc0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"13\">\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\" data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Newspaper article<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"14\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Format<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Author\u2019s\u00a0last name, First name. \u201cTitle of\u00a0the\u00a0Article.\u201d\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Name of\u00a0t<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">he\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Newspaper<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, Publication Date, p. (if available), URL.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"15\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Example<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Foreman, Nicholas. \u201cAre the Tropics Safe from Climate Crisis?\u201d\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The\u00a0Daily Bugle<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, 13 Dec. 2019, www.dailybugle.com\/2019\/12\/13\/tropics-and-climate-change<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"16\">\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\" data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Conference paper<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"17\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Format<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Author\u2019s Last Name, First Name. \u201cConference Paper Title.\u201d\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Conference Title that Includes Date and Location<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, edited by Conference Editor(s). Publisher. Date of Publication.\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"18\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Example<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Bevan, Kevin, and Norma Randy. \u201cRethinking\u00a0Video Creation in the AI Era.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Digitized Future: What to Expect<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3 Sept. 2024<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, edited by\u00a0Paul Norman and Katherine\u00a0Kidman.\u00a05 Nov. 2024.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"19\">\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\" data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Dissertation<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"20\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Format<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Author\u2019s Last Name, First Name.\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Title of Dissertation (Doctoral dissertation)<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Database name, date of publication, URL (if available).\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"21\">\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Example<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Forsyth, Daniel.\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Channelizing Positivity\u00a0in Negative Situations (Doctoral\u00a0dissertation)<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global,\u00a030 Jun. 2020.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"mla-style\" style=\"padding-top: 80px; margin-top: -80px;\">General MLA Formatting Style: Key Aspects<\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">When you\u00a0format essays or academic papers in the MLA format, here are some basic guidelines to follow:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Use one-inch margins on all four sides of the page.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The first\u00a0line\u00a0in all\u00a0paragraphs must be indented by half an inch from the left margin.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Maintain\u00a0double line\u00a0spacing throughout the text.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Any standard font (e.g., Times New Roman and Arial) can be used with a font size of 12\u00a0point\u00a0or 11\u00a0point.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The\u00a0manuscript\u00a0title should be centered\u00a0and written in\u00a0title\u00a0case\u00a0in\u00a0the MLA Header page.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Include a running head at the top right corner of all pages, mentioning the author\u2019s surname and page number in Arabic numerals.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The Works Cited page should\u00a0contain\u00a0a list of\u00a0all\u00a0references that are cited in the main text.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"mla-faq\" style=\"padding-top: 80px; margin-top: -80px;\">Frequently\u00a0Asked Questions on MLA Citation Style<\/h2>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1. Do I use page numbers in MLA citation style?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245418&quot;:true,&quot;134245529&quot;:true,&quot;335559738&quot;:40,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Yes, page numbers are a\u00a0must in\u00a0in-text citations as per MLA style. In fields like literature,\u00a0you\u2019re\u00a0often referencing lengthy books and without a page number, your reader will simply not know what part of\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Anna Karenina<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0you\u2019re\u00a0referring to!\u00a0That\u2019s\u00a0why MLA follows the author-page number style of citations, like this:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f (Austen 178)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Or like this<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f Austen (178) makes it clear that Elizabeth Bennet has her own sense of humor.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2. How can I cite multiple works by the same author in MLA style?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245418&quot;:true,&quot;134245529&quot;:true,&quot;335559738&quot;:40,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">When\u00a0you\u2019re\u00a0referring to different books, poems, etc., by one author, use the title in your in-text citation, along with the page number. If the\u00a0work\u00a0you\u2019re\u00a0citing is short (like a poem), you\u2019ve to enclose the title in quotation marks. If\u00a0it\u2019s\u00a0a full book, the title\u00a0has to\u00a0be italicized.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">An example to help you out:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Wordsworth\u2019s idealization of marital life is obvious in <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Chestnuts<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(75) and to a lesser degree in\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Ringmere\u00a0Street\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(98).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">If the title is longer, you can use a shortened version of the title. So, for a short title, you would say<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Northanger Abbey\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(45)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">But &#8220;The Hound of the Baskervilles&#8221; can be shortened further by removing articles (e.g., &#8216;the&#8217;): <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f <em>Hound of <\/em><\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Baskervilles\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(78)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3. How can I cite a work that doesn\u2019t have page numbers in MLA style?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245418&quot;:true,&quot;134245529&quot;:true,&quot;335559738&quot;:40,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Obviously, poems and songs are unlikely to have page numbers, and many plays\u00a0don\u2019t\u00a0either. And if\u00a0you\u2019re\u00a0citing an online-only source, you\u00a0won\u2019t\u00a0find page numbers too. In such cases,\u00a0you\u2019ve\u00a0to use line numbers, scene numbers, or paragraph numbers. Abbreviate \u201cparagraph\u201d and \u201cscene\u201d as \u201cpar.\u201d and \u201csc.\u201d respectively.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This sense of pathos is renewed toward the end of the poem (Shelfey, lines 26\u201332).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Zhang argues that such imagery can be misleading (par. 16).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">But a word of caution: you might access a work online (like through Project Gutenberg or a similar website) when that work has previously been published in print. In these cases, your citation should\u00a0contain\u00a0page numbers as per the print version.\u00a0You shouldn\u2019t use paragraph numbers or page numbers as per your browser\u2019s print preview function.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\"><strong>4.<\/strong> <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">How can I cite a work with no author in MLA style?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245418&quot;:true,&quot;134245529&quot;:true,&quot;335559738&quot;:40,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">If\u00a0there\u2019s\u00a0no identified author, your in-text citation would consist of the title (either abbreviated or in full, depending on its length) and the page number. Your citation would look like<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">It can be argued that arachnophobia is not a recent phenomenon, as\u00a0evidenced\u00a0by 19<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">th<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0century English nursery rhymes (\u201cLittle Miss Muffet\u201d line 6).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In \u201cLittle Miss Muffet\u201d (line 6), there is a clear mention of fear of spiders.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>5. <\/strong><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Can I use \u201cet al.\u201d in MLA citation style?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245418&quot;:true,&quot;134245529&quot;:true,&quot;335559738&quot;:40,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">MLA style requires that you list the last names of the authors if the work has one or two authors. If there are 3 or more authors, use the last name of the first author and then \u201cet al.\u201d if in parentheses or \u201cand colleagues\u201d if in the main text.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Greyson and colleagues (72) have exhaustively examined the influence of Pantheism on Wordsworth\u2019s later works.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The influence of Pali literature on Buddhist architecture has been well documented (Anantaraman\u00a0et al. 65).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">6. How do I cite a movie or web series in MLA style?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245418&quot;:true,&quot;134245529&quot;:true,&quot;335559738&quot;:40,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">MLA keeps up with the times! If\u00a0you\u2019re\u00a0citing an audiovisual source like a movie, a video hosted on YouTube or a Netflix series, you use timestamps in the in-text citation.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Example: (<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Titanic<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a001:20:45-01:34:10)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">7. Is it okay to use online sources when following MLA citation style?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245418&quot;:true,&quot;134245529&quot;:true,&quot;335559738&quot;:40,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Of course it is!\u00a0MLA style allows you to refer to a variety of online sources, from online-only journal articles to listservs and tweets (now called just \u201cposts\u201d on X). Follow the guidelines\u00a0we\u2019ve\u00a0described above. In an in-text citation, you can use an abbreviated version of the website name, such as \u201cbbc.com\u201d and skip the \u201cwww.\u201d or\u00a0\u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u201d<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">References<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1. Modern Language Association (MLA) style guide <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/style.mla.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/style.mla.org\/<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2. MLA works cited page: Basic format <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/owl.purdue.edu\/owl\/research_and_citation\/mla_style\/mla_formatting_and_style_guide\/mla_works_cited_page_basic_format.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/owl.purdue.edu\/owl\/research_and_citation\/mla_style\/mla_formatting_and_style_guide\/mla_works_cited_page_basic_format.html<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Are you planning a research career in literature, language studies, art history, etc.? Get familiar with the requirements of the\u00a0Modern Language Association (MLA) style guide\u00a0[1], because\u00a0it\u2019s\u00a0one of the most\u00a0popular style\u00a0guides in these fields.\u00a0You\u2019ll\u00a0especially need a good working knowledge of MLA citation style.\u00a0 What is\u00a0MLA\u00a0Format? MLA Header and Title Page MLA Headings and Subheadings Formatting Citations [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":70612,"featured_media":45051,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2427],"tags":[2611,2906,2907,2908,2905,2909],"new_categories":[],"new_tags":[],"series":[],"class_list":["post-29652","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-style-format","tag-manuscript-formatting","tag-mla-citation-style","tag-mla-format","tag-mla-reference-format","tag-mla-style","tag-modern-language-association"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>MLA Style Formatting Guidelines: Headers, Citations, and References | Editage Insights<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn MLA 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