{"id":3172,"date":"2019-10-16T08:52:46","date_gmt":"2019-10-16T08:52:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/newly-discovered-mechanism-of-gene-regulation-underlies-bacterial-virulence\/"},"modified":"2025-04-05T06:52:42","modified_gmt":"2025-04-05T06:52:42","slug":"newly-discovered-mechanism-gene-regulation-underlies-bacterial-virulence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/newly-discovered-mechanism-gene-regulation-underlies-bacterial-virulence","title":{"rendered":"Newly discovered mechanism of gene regulation underlies bacterial virulence"},"content":{"rendered":"

A cellular structure called the ribosome makes up the machinery that produces all of the proteins necessary for life. Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), which share a similar composition and helical structure to DNA, are a key component of ribosomes. rRNAs themselves are encoded in the genome in the form of multiple rRNA gene copies, and these copies have long been presumed to be highly similar\/identical among individuals of a species. At the same time, rRNA copies with a significant number of sequence differences within the same species have been observed in all domains of life; these are called species-specific divergent rRNAs. However, their functional importance has been relatively overlooked until recently. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In a study published in Nature Microbiology<\/i><\/a><\/span><\/span>, a team of researchers from Chung-Ang University and their collaborators set out to understand the function of these divergent rRNAs. According to one of the corresponding authors of the study, Prof <\/span>Kangseok Lee of Chung-Ang University, \u201cEmerging evidence has suggested that the ribosome plays an intrinsic regulatory role in mRNA translation into proteins, and we sought to find out to what extent this was mediated by the heterogeneous composition of the ribosome.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

As the model organism for the study, the researchers selected the marine bacterium Vibrio vulnificus<\/i>, which is closely related to the causative pathogen of cholera. V. vulnificus<\/i> itself is considered an \u201copportunistic\u201d pathogen, causing skin and wound infections, sepsis, and the majority of seafood-related deaths in humans. About 10% of the ribosomes in this bacterium, termed I-ribosomes, include a divergent rRNA. Using a variety of molecular and proteomic analyses, the researchers identified genes whose expression is regulated specifically by I-ribosomes. The list of I-ribosome-regulated proteins included those involved in heat shock, stress regulation, and carbon metabolism. According to Prof <\/span>Lee, \u201cOur results indicated that I-ribosomes preferentially produce proteins important for V. vulnificus<\/i> to rapidly respond to changes in temperature or nutrient availability in order to survive.\u201d<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"Default<\/p>\n

Based on this finding, the scientists sought to confirm the important role of I-ribosomes in V. vulnificus<\/i> survival and determine whether I-ribosomes play a role in the bacterium\u2019s virulence. Mice injected with a genetically engineered strain of the bacterium in which the divergent rRNA component of the I-ribosome was deleted showed better survival than mice injected with bacteria containing functional I-ribosomes. This indicated that divergent rRNAs are critical for virulence of the bacterium V. vulnificus<\/i>. Based on their role in virulence, I-ribosomes could represent a potential target for the future development of novel therapies for infections caused by bacteria of the Vibrio<\/i> genus. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Overall, the study revealed that genome-encoded divergent rRNAs are regulators of gene expression at the ribosome level, highlighting a previously underappreciated role of rRNA sequence variation in regulating gene expression. In V. vulnificus<\/i>, this regulation appears to specifically act in response to environmental changes, contributing to bacterial survival and virulence. Concluding the study, Prof Lee states, \u201cNotably, divergent rRNAs have been observed in several other species, and future studies are still needed to determine to what extent the patterns revealed in V. vulnificus<\/i> translate to more distantly related organisms.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Reference<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Title of original paper:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Divergent rRNAs as regulators of gene expression<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

at the ribosome level<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

DOI:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Name\u00a0of the author\u00a0(from Chung-Ang University):<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Affiliation:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41564-018-0341-1<\/a><\/p>\n

Kangseok Lee<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

About <\/b>Chung-Ang University<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Chung-Ang University<\/a> is a private comprehensive research university located in Seoul, South Korea. It was started as a kindergarten in 1918 and attained university status in 1953. It is fully accredited by the Ministry of Education of Korea. Chung-Ang University conducts research activities under the slogan of \u201cJustice and Truth.\u201d Its new vision for completing 100 years is \u201cThe Global Creative Leader.\u201d Chung-Ang University offers undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral programs, which encompass a law school, management program, and medical school; it has 16 undergraduate and graduate schools each. Chung-Ang University\u2019s culture and arts programs are considered the best in Korea.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

About Professor Kangseok Lee from Chung-Ang University<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dr Kangseok Lee is a Professor of Life Sciences at Chung-Ang University and has co-authored over 120 publications. He is one the corresponding authors of this study. Prior affiliations of Prof Lee\u2019s include the Wayne State University Department of Biological Sciences and the Stanford University Department of Genetics.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Media contact:<\/strong>\u00a0kangseok@cau.ac.kr<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A cellular structure called the ribosome makes up the machinery that produces all of the proteins necessary for life. Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), which share a similar composition and helical structure to DNA, are a key component of ribosomes. rRNAs themselves are encoded in the genome in the form of multiple rRNA gene copies, and these […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1152,"featured_media":33313,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2435],"tags":[2482],"new_categories":[],"new_tags":[],"series":[],"class_list":["post-3172","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-trending-research","tag-science-update"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNewly discovered mechanism of gene regulation underlies bacterial virulence | Editage Insights<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A team of researchers from Chung-Ang University and their collaborators have revealed a critical role of sequence differences in ribosomes\u2014the cell\u2019s protein-production machinery\u2014in regulating the ability of the opportunistic pathogen Vibrio vulnificus to respond to changes in the environment and cause infection. 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