{"id":3476,"date":"2020-05-14T12:59:56","date_gmt":"2020-05-14T12:59:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/a-radar-for-plastic-high-resolution-map-to-track-plastic-emissions-in-seas\/"},"modified":"2025-01-15T06:30:09","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T06:30:09","slug":"a-radar-for-plastic-high-resolution-map-to-track-plastic-emissions-in-seas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/a-radar-for-plastic-high-resolution-map-to-track-plastic-emissions-in-seas","title":{"rendered":"A radar for plastic: High-resolution map to track plastic emissions in seas"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Plastic may be an indispensable part of our daily lives, but its robustness and abundance have led to its overuse, putting a huge burden on the environment. Large emissions of plastic waste result in its accumulation in water bodies: in fact, recent studies have estimated about 0.27 million tons of plastic floating in the world\u2019s oceans. Because plastic does not decompose in water, it is a serious hazard for the marine life. Thus, to prevent plastic pollution, it is crucial to understand exactly how plastic is emitted into the oceans. Previous studies have tried to analyze plastic emissions, but they had some limitations: they focused on mostly mismanaged plastic waste and not how these plastic emissions actually originate. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Default Alt text\" class=\"media-element file-default\" title=\"Default Title Text\" src=\"https:\/\/insights.cactusglobal.com\/sites\/default\/files\/123.JPG\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">To this end, a group of scientists at the Tokyo University of Science, led by Prof Yasuo Nihei, developed a new method to combat plastic emissions. In a study published in <i><u><span style=\"color:#1155cc\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4441\/12\/4\/951\" style=\"color:blue; text-decoration:underline\"><span style=\"color:#1155cc\">Water<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/u><\/i>, they generated a \u201chigh-resolution map of 1 km grids of plastic emissions across Japan. Prof Nihei explains,\u00a0\u201cIf plastic waste continues to flow into the sea, the amount of plastic waste will increase. To prevent this, it is necessary to clearly indicate where and how plastic debris is currently being generated.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">To begin with, the scientists focused on the different types of plastics: microplastic (MicP), which is less than 5 mm in size, and macroplastic (MacP), which is greater than 5 mm. They understood that controlling MicP was crucial because\u2014owing to its small size\u2014it is particularly hard to recover once it enters the ocean. Moreover, it can easily be ingested by marine organisms, which can negatively affect ecosystems worldwide. To avoid the emission of MicP in water bodies, it was important to find out exactly where these emissions were coming from.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">The scientists followed a three-step process to map plastic emissions (Figure 1). First, they measured MicP concentration across 70 rivers and 90 sites in Japan and examined the relation between MicP concentration and land characteristics. They collected the ratio of MacP\/MicP concentrations to evaluate the MacP concentration from the MicP concentration. Next, to obtain outflow discharge at 1 km grids, they performed a \u201cwater balance analysis\u201d in which they measured precipitation of water, distributed into three categories: evaporation, surface runoff, and underground infiltration. Finally, they calculate total plastic emission, which is the product of MicP and MacP concentrations and outflow discharge. Their findings revealed that MicP concentrations and basin characteristics were significantly correlated, meaning that the physical features of water bodies dictate the amount of plastic waste accumulated. Not just this, their analysis helped the scientists to estimate the annual plastic emission in Japan, which ranged from 210 to 4,776 tons\/year of total plastic.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Default Alt text\" class=\"media-element file-default\" title=\"Default Title Text\" src=\"https:\/\/insights.cactusglobal.com\/sites\/default\/files\/222.JPG\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">The scientists then evaluated a high-resolution map of plastic emission over 1 km grids across Japan (Figure 2). They identified the critical areas where plastic emissions were the highest. Their analysis showed that these emissions were high in rivers near urbanized areas, with a high population density. Among these, cities like Tokyo, Nagoya, and Osaka were found to be hotspots for plastic emissions. Thus, this method was useful in understanding exactly where strict countermeasures should be enforced. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Default Alt text\" class=\"media-element file-default\" title=\"Default Title Text\" src=\"https:\/\/insights.cactusglobal.com\/sites\/default\/files\/333.JPG\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Unlike previous studies, this study does not assume that the plastic waste is only proportional to mismanaged plastic waste but, in fact, takes into account the origin of plastic emissions. This makes it easier to implement measures and curb plastic emissions in specific areas. Prof Nihei concludes,\u00a0\u201cOur findings provide new insights that may be used to draft countermeasures against plastic emissions, thereby reducing outflow of marine pollutants from Japan. We also introduce a new method that can be used to evaluate plastic inputs in other regions of the world.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><strong>Reference<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><b><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:black\">Title of original paper<\/span><\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:black\">: High-Resolution Mapping of Japanese Microplastic and Macroplastic Emissions from the Land into the Sea<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><b><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:black\">Journal<\/span><\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:black\">: <i>Water<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><b><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:black\">DOI<\/span><\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:black\">: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/w12040951\" style=\"color:blue; text-decoration:underline\">10.3390\/w12040951<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><b><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:black\">About The Tokyo University of Science<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tus.ac.jp\/en\/mediarelations\/\">Tokyo University of Science<\/a> (TUS) is a well-known and respected university, and the largest science-specialized private research university in Japan, with four campuses in central Tokyo and its suburbs and in Hokkaido. Established in 1881, the university has continually contributed to Japan&#8217;s development in science through inculcating the love for science in researchers, technicians, and educators. \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">With a mission of \u201cCreating science and technology for the harmonious development of nature, human beings, and society&#8221;, TUS has undertaken a wide range of research from basic to applied science. TUS has embraced a multidisciplinary approach to research and undertaken intensive study in some of today&#8217;s most vital fields. TUS is a meritocracy where the best in science is recognized and nurtured. It is the only private university in Japan that has produced a Nobel Prize winner and the only private university in Asia to produce Nobel Prize winners within the natural sciences field. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><b><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:black\">About Professor <\/span><\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Yasuo Nihei<span style=\"color:black\"> from Tokyo University of Science<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Dr Yasuo Nihei is a Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering, Tokyo University of Science. After completing his graduation at Tokyo Institute of Technology, he has now been working at Tokyo University of Science since 2000. A respected and senior researcher, his research interests include hydraulic engineering, with a focus on computational fluid mechanics and environmental hydraulics. He is the corresponding author of this paper and has over 170 research publications and 3 patents to his credit.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><b><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Funding<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\"> <b>information<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:black\">This research was supported b<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">y the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science under the KAKENHI program<\/span> <span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">(grant no. 17H04937), the River Fund of the River Foundation<\/span> <span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">(grant no. 2019-5211-050), and the Tokyo University of Science Grant for President\u2019s Research Promotion.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><b><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Media contact <\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Tsutomu Shimizu <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Email: <a href=\"mailto:mediaoffice@admin.tus.ac.jp\">mediaoffice@admin.tus.ac.jp<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Plastic may be an indispensable part of our daily lives, but its robustness and abundance have led to its overuse, putting a huge burden on the environment. Large emissions of plastic waste result in its accumulation in water bodies: in fact, recent studies have estimated about 0.27 million tons of plastic floating in the world\u2019s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1152,"featured_media":33313,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2435],"tags":[2482],"new_categories":[],"new_tags":[],"series":[],"class_list":["post-3476","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-trending-research","tag-science-update"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>High-resolution map to track plastic emissions in seas | Editage Insights<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"High-resolution map to track plastic emissions in seas developed by Dr 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