{"id":3549,"date":"2020-07-15T08:25:46","date_gmt":"2020-07-15T08:25:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/geologists-shed-light-on-the-tibetan-plateau-origin-puzzle-an-open-and-shut-perspective\/"},"modified":"2025-01-15T06:29:47","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T06:29:47","slug":"geologists-shed-light-on-the-tibetan-plateau-origin-puzzle-an-open-and-shut-perspective","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/geologists-shed-light-on-the-tibetan-plateau-origin-puzzle-an-open-and-shut-perspective","title":{"rendered":"Geologists shed light on the Tibetan Plateau origin puzzle: An open-and-shut perspective"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Earth\u2019s geographical surfaces have been formed over millions of years, and various current theories aim to explain their formation.<b> <\/b>The most popular theory, called the \u201cplate tectonics theory,\u201d states that <\/span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Earth\u2019s outermost layer is a dynamic system consisting of slowly moving plates, also known as \u201ctectonic\u201d plates. As theses plates move, they come close to each other and collide, or drift away from or slide past the other, causing tension or rupture along their boundaries. If two colliding plates face enormous compression force along the rupture line, a slab of the earth would uplift. The uplifted piece of land gives rise to geographical structures such as mountains or plateaus on the landscape of the earth.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">The Tibetan Plateau, the highest plateau in the world, is believed to have been formed through one such tectonic process, when the Indian and Eurasian continental plates collided with each other. Interestingly, the landscape of this enigmatic plateau consists of various unusual geological structures that have baffled geologists globally. For example, many independent geological units of different structures and ages are placed next to each other in a way that cannot be explained by a single tectonic event as per the existing theory. Intrigued by this, in a new study published in <i>Earth Science Frontiers<\/i>, a group of scientists at the China University of Geosciences, led by Dr Liu Demin, investigated in detail the geological structures of the southern Tibetan Plateau. Talking about their motivation,\u00a0Dr Demin says, \u201cThe southern Tibetan Plateau has a complicated geological structure, which cannot be explained by the existing \u2018plate tectonics\u2019 theory. Our study uses a new idea to explain some unusual tectonic structures that are part of the southern Tibetan Plateau.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\"tab-stops:175.5pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">To begin with, the scientists analyzed ancient tectonic ruptures in the form of \u201cboundaries\u201d between the distinct geological regions. The \u201cSouth Tibet detachment system\u201d (STDS) is one such boundary that runs parallel to the Himalayan range for more than 2,000 km. The researchers analyzed the geological data of STDS and other structures in the region, such as the Rongbu Temple normal fault and the Main Central Thrust (MCT), to trace the possible chain of events related to the evolution of these boundaries. They speculated that instead of a single \u201ccollision-compression\u201d process (as per the existing theory), these boundaries were created in different periods altogether, through a series of tectonic events that date back to the early Cenozoic era (a geological era that extends from 66 million years ago to the present day) and occurred in multiple stages. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">According to this model, called the \u201copening-closing\u201d theory, the upper layer or \u201ccrust\u201d of a prehistoric ocean called the \u201cNeo-Tethys\u201d ocean expanded or \u201copened,\u201d and a part of the oceanic crust moved under the other, resembling a \u201cclosing\u201d movement. The continental plates too followed a similar process of \u201copening and closing\u201d as they moved towards and away from each other. This chain of events gave rise to the structures of the Tibetan Plateau. Using this model, the scientists were able to deduce that the Rongbu Temple normal fault and the MCT were formed earlier than the STDS was. Further, they revealed that two tectonic units, klippes and windows, in the Chomolungma region were actually the result of gravitational gliding (as opposed to compression, as previously believed) and thus should be characterized as extensions and slips, respectively. Dr Demin further\u00a0explains, \u201cThermal energy and gravitational potential energy in the deep earth played a key role during this opening-closing evolutionary process.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">The geology of Earth\u2019s surfaces has changed over millions of years through continuous evolutionary processes. In this study, scientists unraveled part of the mystery surrounding the complex geological structures of the southern Tibetan Plateau. Dr Demin concludes, \u201cA deeper understanding of the \u2018opening-closing\u2019 process requires us to focus more on the detailed geological record for evidence of continuous rather than temporal processes.\u2019\u2019\u00a0The research team now plans to study the differences between the opening-closing view and the plate tectonic theory in detail, to shed further light on the genesis of the Tibetan plateau.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><b><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Reference<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Authors: Liu Demin, Yang Weiran, Guo Tieying, RU Jiangtao, Xiong Aimin<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Title of original paper: Discussion on the Cenozoic tectonic evolution and dynamics of southern Tibet<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Journal: <i>Earth Science Frontiers<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"tab-stops:127.6pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"> \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Affiliations: School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Default\" style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:black\"><b>About <i>Earth Science Frontiers<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.earthsciencefrontiers.net.cn\"><i><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:black\">Earth Science Frontiers<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\"> is a bimonthly peer reviewed scholarly journal co-sponsored by the China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking University. It was first published in 1994, and academician Wang Chengshan is the current Editor-in-Chief. Each issue of the journal is centered on a specific geoscience topic and managed by experts in that field as Guest Editors. Each issue also contains a number of articles on self-select subjects. Articles published on <i><span style=\"color:black\">Earth Science Frontiers<\/span><\/i> cover all disciplines of earth sciences with emphasis on frontier and innovative basic research. At the same time, the journal also publishes research findings that may be considered contentious. Over the years, <i><span style=\"color:black\">Earth Science Frontiers<b> <\/b><\/span><\/i><span style=\"color:black\">has won several publisher awards, including \u201cThe Internationally Most Influential Journal in Chinese Language\u201d and \u201cThe Top 100 Outstanding Chinese Scholarly Journals.\u201d In 2019, <i>Earth Science Frontiers<\/i> was selected among top-tier journals to join a national action plan for achieving excellence in science and technology research publishing in China.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Default\" style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:black\">E-mail: <span class=\"MsoHyperlink\" style=\"color:blue\"><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><a href=\"mailto:frontier@cugb.edu.cn\" style=\"color:blue; text-decoration:underline\">frontier@cugb.edu.cn<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:black\"><b>About Dr Liu Demin<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Default\" style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:black\">the School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan. His research is focused on the geodynamics of continental and geothermal geology. He has published seven research papers in reputed international journals.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Earth\u2019s geographical surfaces have been formed over millions of years, and various current theories aim to explain their formation. The most popular theory, called the \u201cplate tectonics theory,\u201d states that Earth\u2019s outermost layer is a dynamic system consisting of slowly moving plates, also known as \u201ctectonic\u201d plates. As theses plates move, they come close to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1152,"featured_media":33313,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2435],"tags":[2482],"new_categories":[],"new_tags":[],"series":[],"class_list":["post-3549","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-trending-research","tag-science-update"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Geologists shed light on the Tibetan Plateau origin puzzle | Editage Insights<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A team of geologists used an alternative tectonic model to explain the origin of Tibetan Plateau\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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