{"id":3559,"date":"2020-07-17T05:24:54","date_gmt":"2020-07-17T05:24:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/newly-synthesized-fungal-compound-can-switch-on-a-self-destruct-button-for-cancer\/"},"modified":"2025-01-15T06:29:46","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T06:29:46","slug":"newly-synthesized-fungal-compound-can-switch-on-a-self-destruct-button-for-cancer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/newly-synthesized-fungal-compound-can-switch-on-a-self-destruct-button-for-cancer","title":{"rendered":"Newly synthesized fungal compound can switch on a self-destruct button for cancer"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">All human body cells have a certain lifespan, during which they perform their essential duties. At the end of this lifespan, they reach senescence and<\/span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">\u2014<\/span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">no longer able to perform those duties\u2014die. This suicidal death is programmed into their genes through a process called <em>apoptosis<\/em>, causing them to self-destruct in order to make way for fresh, young, and healthy cells to replace them. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Mutations in a special gene called p53 can sometimes interfere with this process. Caused by aging, ultraviolet light, and various mutagenic compounds, these mutations can disable the apoptosis gene, resulting in \u201czombie\u201d cells that refuse to die and continue to multiply, spreading the disabled gene and replacing healthy working cells with undying, rapidly growing tumors. This is the disease that we call cancer, and it takes many forms depending on which body cells develop the mutations.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Previously, scientists identified an anticancer compound called <em>FE399<\/em> in\u00a0a species of filamentous fungus called <i>Ascochyta<\/i>, which is often found afflicting common food crops such as cereals. The compound is a specific group of <em>depsipeptides<\/em>, a type of amino acid group, and was shown to induce apoptosis in cancerous human cells, particularly colorectal cancer, while they are still <em>in vitro<\/em>, proving its worth as an anti-cancer chemical.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Unfortunately, \u00a0due to a variety of chemical complexities, the <i>FE399<\/i> compound is not easy to purify, which hindered any plans for its widespread applications in cancer treatment. It was thus clear that extracting <i>FE399 <\/i>from the fungi naturally would not be a commercially feasible method, and despite the promise of a powerful anticancer drug, research into this particular compound was stalled. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7nNRhX8pSTw\" style=\"color:blue; text-decoration:underline\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\"><span style=\"text-underline:none\"><shape href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7nNRhX8pSTw\" id=\"Video_x0020_1\" o:button=\"t\" style=\"width:5in; height:270pt\" type=\"#_x0000_t75\"><fill o:detectmouseclick=\"t\"><\/fill><\/shape><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\n<div class=\"media-youtube-video media-element file-default media-youtube-1\">\n  <iframe class=\"media-youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"390\" title=\"Newly Synthesized Fungal Compound Can Switch on a Self-destruct Button for Cancer\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7nNRhX8pSTw?wmode=opaque\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\">Video of Newly Synthesized Fungal Compound Can Switch on a Self-destruct Button for Cancer<\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">The promise of a new anticancer treatment was tempting, however, and Prof Isamu Shiina, along with Dr Takayuki Tonoi, and his team from the <\/span><span style=\"background:white\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:black\">Tokyo University of Science,<\/span><\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">accepted the challenge. \u201cWe wanted to create a lead compound that could treat colon cancer, and we aimed to do this through the total synthesis of FE399,\u201d says Prof Shiina. Total synthesis is the process of the complete chemical synthesis (production) of a complex molecule using commercially available precursors, allowing mass production. The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejoc.202000459\" style=\"color:blue; text-decoration:underline\">results of their extensive studies<\/a> will be published in the <i>European Journal of Organic Chemistry<\/i>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">The team figured that first, the structure of the depsipeptide would need to be identified. This was simple and could be easily performed using commercially available and inexpensive materials. Following this simple start, the subsequent procedures required many steps and resulted in some small failures when isomers were unsuccessfully isolated. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">However, the team was rewarded for their efforts when, in a major breakthrough, their mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance studies confirmed that a trio of spots on a plate showed identical chemical signature to the known formula of <i>FE399<\/i>, meaning that they were able to successfully recreate <i>FE399<\/i> synthetically.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Their technique was found to have an overall yield of 20%, which is quite promising for future large-scale production plans. \u201cWe hope that this newly produced compound can provide an unprecedented treatment option for patients with colorectal cancer, and thus improve the overall outcomes of the disease and ultimately improve their quality of life,\u201d states Prof Shiina. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Further research is needed to test the efficiency of <i>FE399<\/i> in the treatment of other solid and blood-based cancers, and before mass production, the biological activities and structure of the <i>FE399<\/i> molecule will need to be evaluated. But for now, the team from Tokyo University of Science are thrilled with their findings, and are positive that their research will help to improve treatments and therapies for patients with colorectal cancer.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><b><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Reference<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"tab-stops:130.5pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Titles of original papers: Total Synthesis of the Antitumor Depsipeptide FE399 and its S-Benzyl derivative: A Macrolactamization Approach<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"tab-stops:130.5pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Journal <i>European Journal of Organic Chemistry<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"tab-stops:130.5pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">DOI: <span class=\"MsoHyperlink\" style=\"color:blue\"><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejoc.202000459\" style=\"color:blue; text-decoration:underline\">10.1002\/ejoc.202000459<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Default\" style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Default\" style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:black\"><b>About t<\/b><b>he Tokyo University of Science<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Default\" style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tus.ac.jp\/en\/mediarelations\/\">Tokyo University of Science<\/a> (TUS) is a well-known and respected university, and the largest science-specialized private research university in Japan, with four campuses in central Tokyo and its suburbs and in Hokkaido. Established in 1881, the university has continually contributed to Japan&#8217;s development in science through inculcating the love for science in researchers, technicians, and educators. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">With a mission of \u201cCreating science and technology for the harmonious development of nature, human beings, and society&#8221;, TUS has undertaken a wide range of research from basic to applied science. TUS has embraced a multidisciplinary approach to research and undertaken intensive study in some of today&#8217;s most vital fields. TUS is a meritocracy where the best in science is recognized and nurtured. It is the only private university in Japan that has produced a Nobel Prize winner and the only private university in Asia to produce Nobel Prize winners within the natural sciences field.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><br \/>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:black\"><b>About Professor Isamu Shiina<\/b><b> from Tokyo University of Science<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Default\" style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:black\">Professor Shiina is an expert in the field of Applied Chemistry. Having graduated from the Tokyo University of Science\u2019s school of Applied Chemistry in 1990, he attained his master\u2019s degree at the same university. Over his career, Professor Shiina has received eight major awards for his work and has completed six multi-year research projects in his field. Today he is the Director of the Research Institute for Science and Technology, Chemical Biology Division Supported by Practical Organic Synthesis at Tokyo University of Science.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Default\" style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Default\" style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><b><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Funding<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\"> <b>information<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:black\">This study was partly supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Default\" style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Default\" style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><b><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Media contact <\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Tsutomu Shimizu <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:.9pt; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"tab-stops:131.15pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Email: <span class=\"MsoHyperlink\" style=\"color:blue\"><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><a href=\"mailto:mediaoffice@admin.tus.ac.jp\" style=\"color:blue; text-decoration:underline\">mediaoffice@admin.tus.ac.jp<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>All human body cells have a certain lifespan, during which they perform their essential duties. At the end of this lifespan, they reach senescence and\u2014no longer able to perform those duties\u2014die. This suicidal death is programmed into their genes through a process called apoptosis, causing them to self-destruct in order to make way for fresh, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1152,"featured_media":33313,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2435],"tags":[2482],"new_categories":[],"new_tags":[],"series":[],"class_list":["post-3559","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-trending-research","tag-science-update"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Newly synthesized fungal compound can switch on a self-destruct button for cancer | Editage Insights<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers at Tokyo University of Science have newly synthesized a fungal 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