{"id":37095,"date":"2025-08-07T13:01:33","date_gmt":"2025-08-07T07:31:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/?p=37095"},"modified":"2025-10-28T12:10:20","modified_gmt":"2025-10-28T06:40:20","slug":"understanding-parenthetical-citations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/understanding-parenthetical-citations","title":{"rendered":"Parenthetical Citations in APA, MLA, and Chicago: Format and Examples"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>What is a Parenthetical Citation?<\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Parenthetical citations are used in academic writing to cite sources that were referred to during research. It uses parentheses to provide information such as the author\u2019s name, publication date\/year, and page number details of the source.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Parenthetical vs. Narrative Citations<\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In-text citations can be narrative or parenthetical.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In parenthetical citations, all details of the source are placed within parentheses.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Example: <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The findings confirmed the presence of antibodies in the system after 2 weeks of vaccination (Watson, 1993).\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559685&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In narrative citations, the author\u2019s name is incorporated as part of the sentence and the publication year is mentioned in parentheses.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Example: <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Watson (1993) reported that antibodies were found in the system after 2 weeks of vaccination.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559685&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Parenthetical Citation Format with Examples<\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Different style guides provide specific instructions on how parenthetical citations should be used in research papers. Here is a short guide for your reference.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#parenthetical-citations-in-apa\"><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">Parenthetical Citations in APA<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#parenthetical-citations-in-mla\"><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">Parenthetical Citations in MLA<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"><a href=\"#parenthetical-citations-in-chicago\">Parenthetical Citations in Chicago<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"parenthetical-citations-in-apa\" style=\"padding-top: 80px; margin-top: -80px;\">Parenthetical Citations in APA<\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">APA style uses the author-date citation system, wherein the author\u2019s name and publication year are both written within parentheses in the text when citing the corresponding works from the reference list. If specific pages of the work need to be cited, write <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cp.\u201d before a single page number and \u201cpp.\u201d to indicate the page range.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Examples:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Wade, 2010, p. 38)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Miller &amp; Crabb, 2013, pp. 34\u201340)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Note that the format varies depending on the number of authors.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">One author:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Mention the author\u2019s surname and the publication year separated by a comma.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Two authors:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Surnames of both authors should be written separated by ampersand (&amp;). This is followed by a comma and the publication year.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Three or more authors: <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Mention the first author\u2019s surname followed by \u201cet al.\u201d and the publication year.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table data-tablestyle=\"MsoTableGrid\" data-tablelook=\"1184\" aria-rowcount=\"4\">\n<tbody>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"1\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Number of authors<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Parenthetical citation<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Narrative citation<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"2\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">One author<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Davis, 1960)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Davis (1960)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"3\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Two authors<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Davis &amp; McCormick, 1960)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Davis and McCormick (1960)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"4\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Three or more authors<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Davis et al., 1960)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Davis et al. (1960)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 id=\"parenthetical-citations-in-mla\" style=\"padding-top: 80px; margin-top: -80px;\">Parenthetical Citations in MLA<\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In MLA style, the in-text citations are written in the author-page format. This means that instead of the publication year, the page number or page range is mentioned after the author\u2019s name in parentheses.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">One author: <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The author\u2019s name is written first, followed by the page number. No comma is added in between.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Two authors: <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Surnames of the two authors must be written separated by \u201cand,\u201d followed by the page number or page range.<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Three or more authors: <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Write the surname of the first author followed by \u201cet al.\u201d and the page range details.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Examples<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table data-tablestyle=\"MsoTableGrid\" data-tablelook=\"1184\" aria-rowcount=\"4\">\n<tbody>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"1\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Number of authors<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Parenthetical citation<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Narrative citation<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"2\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">One author<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Miles 10)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Miles (10)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"3\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Two authors<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Connor and Yang 39<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201345<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Connor and Yang (39<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201345<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"4\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Three or more authors<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Patel et al. 56<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201359<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Patel et al. (56<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201359<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">There may be cases where a source mentioned under the Works Cited list does not have author or the page range details. (e.g., company reports or online articles). In such cases, the in-text citation must be the same as the first element in the entry of the Works Cited list.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Example<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Works Cited entry: <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">NIST<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">Chemistry Webbook, 2005. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18434\/T4D303\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18434\/T4D303<\/span><\/a> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">[Retrieved March 2016].<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Citation:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> (NIST Chemistry Webbook)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"parenthetical-citations-in-chicago\" style=\"padding-top: 80px; margin-top: -80px;\">Parenthetical Citations in Chicago<\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The Chicago Manual of Style allows you to follow two citation styles: the author-date system and the notes and bibliography system.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Notes and bibliography system<\/h4>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Here, the citations are written as footnotes or endnotes. But you may use parenthetical citations for explanatory notes. Typically, the first citation of a source is written in full, and the subsequent citations are shortened.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Example:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> James <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">McCormick, <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Hydrogen Peroxide Rocket Manual<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\"> (FMC Corporation, 1965).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Author-date system<\/h4>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This is similar to the APA style citation, except that the author\u2019s surname and publication year are not separated by a comma. Also, the page range is mentioned within parentheses.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Example:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> (Smith 2020, 22<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201325<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Here is a table summarizing the format for writing citations in the author-date system for different number of authors.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table data-tablestyle=\"MsoTableGrid\" data-tablelook=\"1184\" aria-rowcount=\"4\">\n<tbody>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"1\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Number of authors<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Parenthetical citation<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Narrative citation<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"2\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">One author<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Jang 2010, 346)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Jang (2010)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"3\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Two to three authors<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Parker, Ann, and Root 2012, 39<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201345<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Parker, Ann, and Root (2012)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"4\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Four or more authors<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Taylor et al. 1998, 6)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Taylor et al. (1998)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Summary<\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Always consult the latest style guides to know the updated format for writing citations. Here\u2019s a table summarizing the format and examples of parenthetical citations for APA, MLA, and Chicago styles.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table data-tablestyle=\"MsoTableGrid\" data-tablelook=\"1184\" aria-rowcount=\"4\">\n<tbody>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"1\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Number of authors<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">APA Example<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">MLA Example<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Chicago Example<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"2\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">One author<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Davis, 1960)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Miles 10)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Jang 2010, 346)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"3\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Two authors<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Davis &amp; McCormick, 1960)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Connor and Yang 39<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201345<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Watson and Gregson 2020, 56)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"4\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Three or more authors<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Davis et al., 1960)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Patel et al. 56<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201359<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Three authors: (Parker, Ann, and Root 2012, 39<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201345<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Four or more authors: (Taylor et al. 1998, 6)<\/span><br \/>\n<span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <strong><em>Give more time for your research, spend less time formatting!<\/em> <em>Check out\u00a0<\/em><em>Editage\u2019s\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/services\/research-paper-manuscript-formatting-services?utm_source=editageinsights&amp;utm_medium=article-boilerplate&amp;utm_campaign=understanding-parenthetical-citations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><em>Manuscript Formatting Services<\/em><\/strong><\/a><strong><em> and get <\/em><\/strong><em><strong>professional support for journal formatting.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/services\/research-paper-manuscript-formatting-services?utm_source=editageinsights&amp;utm_medium=footerbanner&amp;utm_campaign=understanding-parenthetical-citations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-37197\" src=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/MF-footerbanner-reading-about-formatting.jpg\" alt=\"Manuscript formatting footer banner\" width=\"856\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/MF-footerbanner-reading-about-formatting.jpg 856w, https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/MF-footerbanner-reading-about-formatting-300x70.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/MF-footerbanner-reading-about-formatting-768x179.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/MF-footerbanner-reading-about-formatting-850x200.jpg 850w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 856px) 100vw, 856px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is a Parenthetical Citation? Parenthetical citations are used in academic writing to cite sources that were referred to during research. It uses parentheses to provide information such as the author\u2019s name, publication date\/year, and page number details of the source.\u00a0\u00a0 Parenthetical vs. Narrative Citations In-text citations can be narrative or parenthetical.\u00a0 In parenthetical citations, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":70612,"featured_media":37097,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2427],"tags":[2903,5872,1403,2906,5871],"new_categories":[],"new_tags":[],"series":[],"class_list":["post-37095","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-style-format","tag-apa-citation","tag-chicago-citation","tag-in-text-citations","tag-mla-citation-style","tag-parenthetical-citation"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What is a Parenthetical Citation? 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