{"id":3856,"date":"2022-03-03T15:46:28","date_gmt":"2022-03-03T15:46:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/iop-publishing-renounces-350-papers-due-to-systematic-and-citation-manipulation\/"},"modified":"2025-04-04T14:12:02","modified_gmt":"2025-04-04T14:12:02","slug":"iop-publishing-renounces-350-papers-due-to-systematic-and-citation-manipulation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/iop-publishing-renounces-350-papers-due-to-systematic-and-citation-manipulation","title":{"rendered":"IOP Publishing renounces 350 papers due to systematic and citation manipulation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;\">IOP Publishing has withdrawn 350 papers from two 2021 conference proceedings as evidence of systematic manipulation and considerable citation manipulation were observed during an investigation. Of the withdrawn papers, 232 articles were published in the <i>Journal of Physics: Conference Series<\/i><sup>1<\/sup> and the others in <i>IOP Conference Series:<\/i> <i>Material Science and Engineering<\/i><sup>2<\/sup>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;\">Rachael Harper, Head of Marketing Communications at IOP said that following\u00a0an anonymous whistleblower&#8217;s tip and the discovery of tortured phrases by an AI-driven software the investigation was launched.<i> <\/i>The findings of the investigation confirmed all speculations around systematic and citation manipulations in the two volumes. \u201c<i>There has been no reasonable explanation from the conference organizers regarding either volume as to why these issues occurred,\u201d <\/i>she said. The \u201canonymous whistleblower\u201d was later identified to be a Cambridge engineering graduate student named Nick Wise.<sup>3<\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;\">The term \u201ctortured phrases,\u201d<sup>4<\/sup> which Harper mentions, refers to texts that have been translated from another language to English and then back to English using an automated tool. Such tools are used to generate fake papers.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;\">The manipulation was detected using the tool Problematic Paper Screener, which was developed by Guillaume Cabanac, a computer scientist at the University of Toulouse, and his colleagues.\u00a0Explaining \u201ctortured phrases\u201d in his preprint, Cabanac says these are \u201cunexpected weird phrases in lieu of established ones, such as \u2018counterfeit consciousness\u2019 instead of \u2018artificial intelligence.\u2019\u201d<sup>5<\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;\">According to Harper, some telling factors that indicated the manipulation included almost all papers containing &#8220;unrelated reference to the conference organiser\u2019s work and others at the organiser\u2019s institutions,&#8221;<sup>6<\/sup> multiple papers with overlapping text\u00a0and\u00a0a similar publishing date,\u00a0numerous tortured phrases (indicative of plagiarized text), and peer review reports with identical content and format.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;\">IOP Publishing had flagged more than 20 papers in 2020 that had similar issues. To avoid such incidents in future, Harper stated that they will place additional checks prior to publication and run all submitted articles through a tortured-phrase detecting software.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt;\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\">References:<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;\">1. <i>Journal of Physics: Conference Series<\/i>. <a style=\"color: #0563c1; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/issue\/1742-6596\/1916\/1\">https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/issue\/1742-6596\/1916\/1<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;\">2. <i>IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering<\/i>. <a style=\"color: #0563c1; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/issue\/1757-899X\/1145\/1\">https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/issue\/1757-899X\/1145\/1<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;\">3, 6. Publisher retracts 350 papers at once. <a style=\"color: #0563c1; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/retractionwatch.com\/2022\/02\/23\/publisher-retracts-350-papers-at-once\/\">https:\/\/retractionwatch.com\/2022\/02\/23\/publisher-retracts-350-papers-at-once\/<\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;\">4. Cabanac G., Labb\u00e9 C., Magazinov A. <i>Tortured phrases: A dubious writing style emerging in science. Evidence of critical issues affecting established journals<\/i>. <a style=\"color: #0563c1; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2107.06751\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2107.06751<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;\">5. \u2018Tortured phrases\u2019, lost in translation: Sleuths find even more problems at journal that just flagged 400 papers. <a style=\"color: #0563c1; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/retractionwatch.com\/2021\/07\/19\/tortured-phrases-lost-in-translation-sleuths-find-even-more-problems-at-journal-that-just-flagged-400-papers\/\">https:\/\/retractionwatch.com\/2021\/07\/19\/tortured-phrases-lost-in-translation-sleuths-find-even-more-problems-at-journal-that-just-flagged-400-papers\/<\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>IOP Publishing has withdrawn 350 papers from two 2021 conference proceedings as evidence of systematic manipulation and considerable citation manipulation were observed during an investigation. Of the withdrawn papers, 232 articles were published in the Journal of Physics: Conference Series1 and the others in IOP Conference Series: Material Science and Engineering2. Rachael Harper, Head of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2646,"featured_media":33313,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2408],"tags":[2644,2642],"new_categories":[],"new_tags":[],"series":[],"class_list":["post-3856","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industry-news","tag-industry-updates","tag-paper-retraction"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>IOP Publishing renounces 350 papers due to systematic and citation manipulation | Editage Insights<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"OP Publishing has withdrawn 350 papers from two 2021 conference proceedings as evidence of systematic manipulation and considerable citation manipulation were observed during 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