
{"id":3896,"date":"2022-04-29T10:52:40","date_gmt":"2022-04-29T10:52:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/why-is-ubirajarabelongstobr-still-trending-on-twitter\/"},"modified":"2025-01-15T06:25:56","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T06:25:56","slug":"why-is-ubirajarabelongstobr-still-trending-on-twitter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/why-is-ubirajarabelongstobr-still-trending-on-twitter","title":{"rendered":"Why is #UbirajaraBelongstoBR still trending on Twitter?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">Twenty-seven years ago, German researchers discovered the fossil of a 120-million-year-old dinosaur in northern Brazil. In December 2020, a group of scientists confirmed with their publication in <i>Cretaceous Research<\/i><sup>1<\/sup> that the fossil is that of the earliest feathered dinosaur<span style=\"font-size:13.5pt\"><span style=\"background:white\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"color:#222222\"> (<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>named\u00a0<i>Ubirajara jubatus<\/i>)\u00a0in the Southern Hemisphere who was not related to birds. The discovery, instead of creating excitement, sparked a controversy which has now become a hot potato in the scientific community.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">No Brazilian scientist has been named as a contributor in the paper; the paper is authored by a German, a Mexican, and a British scientist. No Brazilian scientist was made aware of this fossil in these twenty-seven years. The Brazilian paleontologists used social media to address and highlight this issue. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">A Brazilian paleontologist, Aline Ghilardi, started a campaign on Twitter with the hashtag #UbirajaraBelongstoBR. The protest proved successful as the publication that talked about the fossil was retracted by the journal. The specimen is currently placed in the State Museum of Natural History, Karlsruhe, Germany. However, negotiations to return it to Brazil are in progress.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">Such incidents where local researchers had been involved during fieldwork and research but later not given any credit have occurred repeatedly since the colonial times, and still prevails in paleontology in countries like Brazil and Mexico. A survey report<sup>2<\/sup> was published by a group of scientists in March 2022 that assessed the extent of colonial practices that are still prevalent in paleontology in Brazil and Mexico. In their publication, they have argued that some high-income countries have been illegally exporting fossils from low-income countries without giving the local researchers their due credit, thus flouting the ethical guidelines of paleontological research, academic publishing, and the respective countries\u2019 fossil laws.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">The authors analyzed publications based on fossils found in Brazil and Mexico over the last 30 years. They calculated the number of papers that mentioned Brazilian or Mexican researchers or institutes in their papers, provided permits for fossil export, or mentioned trading the fossil (an illegal practice in both the countries), or did not return the fossils to the country of origin after research completion. Despite strict laws and vigilance against fossil export, they found that fossils were shipped abroad and stored in foreign repositories, mainly in Japan and Germany. The study also revealed that 88% of the fossils found in Brazil and mentioned in the sample publications were stored in other countries and not Brazil.<sup>3<\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">Such practices where researchers from high-income countries conduct fieldwork in low-income countries, return to their home countries to complete the research, and never acknowledge the effort and contribution of the local scientists is called \u201cparachute science\u201d, \u201ccolonial science\u201d, or \u201cparasitic science\u201d. For instance, a study was published in <i>Current Biology<\/i> that examines publications related to coral reef biodiversity in the Philippines and Indonesia and none of them involved a local scientist.<sup>4<\/sup> Another instance is the underrepresentation of Africa\u2019s contribution to geoscience.<sup>5<\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">Much of the Global North\u2019s early scientific advancements may be summed up as its researchers gathering specimens from the colonies and preserving them in their national museums. For instance, Charles Darwin, on his famous voyage on HMS <i>Beagle<\/i> where he even witnessed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/forget-aircrafts-its-the-age-of-spider-crafts\" style=\"color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline\">flying spiders<\/a>, gathered numerous fossils from around the world, including multiple localities in Argentina and Uruguay. He exported them to London, where Richard Owen, a British paleontologist investigated further.<sup>6<\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">It didn\u2019t take much time for the campaign to turn into a full-fledged dispute where scientists from countries affected by colonial paleontology \u2013 Africans, Mongolians, and Latin Americans \u2013 joined forces to act against this exploitation of knowledge, credit, and hard work.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">The paleontological associations of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico are planning to address the issue by publishing papers related to the issue and formulating solutions. They\u2019re also planning to send a letter to a scientific journal explaining the ground reality of colonial paleontology in the region. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">Herm\u00ednio de Ara\u00fajo J\u00fanior, president of the Brazilian Paleontological Society said that their intention is to highlight the role and responsibility of peer-reviewed journals in curbing colonialism in paleontology.<sup>3<\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">\u201cThe [authorship] protocol needs to change with the times. We need to acknowledge the diversity of contributions that can be made from people from different backgrounds,\u201d<sup><\/sup>comments Australian ecologist Georgia Ward-Fear on the underrepresentation of women and global South in leading journals.<sup>4<\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">In Latin American Congress of Vertebrate Paleontology, a virtual meeting that will happen in July 2022, scientific colonialism will be one of the focus areas. Juan Carlos Cisneros, a Brazilian paleontologist and a co-author of the March 2022 survey explained that \u201ccooperation between paleontologists\u201d is their ultimate goal. \u201cWe don\u2019t want researchers from other countries to stop working here. What we hope for is that partnerships are more equitable and reciprocal. And that our laws are respected, as we respect the laws of other countries.\u201d<sup>3<\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:14.0pt\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\">References<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">1. Smyth, R., Martill, D., et al. A maned theropod dinosaur from Gondwana with elaborate integumentary structures. ScienceDirect. 13 April, 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cretres.2020.104686\" style=\"color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Persistent link using digital object identifier\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cretres.2020.104686<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">2. Cisneros, J., Raja, N., et. al. Digging deeper into colonial palaeontological practices in modern day Mexico and Brazil. <i>Royal Society Open Science<\/i>. Volume 9, Issue 3. 2 March, 2022. \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsos.210898\" style=\"color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsos.210898<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">3. Lenharo, M., Rodrigues, M. How a Brazilian dinosaur sparked a movement to decolonize fossil science. <i>Nature<\/i>.\u00a0 22 April, 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-022-01093-4<b><i> <\/i><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">4. Watson, C. Parachute science falls to earth. <i>Nature Index<\/i>. 13 April, 2022.<b> <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.natureindex.com\/news-blog\/parachute-science-falls-to-earth\" style=\"color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline\">https:\/\/www.natureindex.com\/news-blog\/parachute-science-falls-to-earth<\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 8pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">5. North, M., Hastie, W., Hoyer, L. \u00a0Out of Africa: The underrepresentation of African authors in high-impact geoscience literature. <i>ScienceDirect<\/i>. 7 July, 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earscirev.2020.103262\" style=\"color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Persistent link using digital object identifier\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earscirev.2020.103262<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:11.0pt\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">6. Fernicola, Juan &amp; Vizca\u00edno, Sergio &amp; De Iuliis, Gerry. (2009). The fossil mammals collected by Charles Darwin in South America during his travels on board the HMS Beagle. <i>Revista de la Asociacion Geologica Argentina<\/i>. 64. 147-159. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/286032570_The_fossil_mammals_collected_by_Charles_Darwin_in_South_America_during_his_travels_on_board_the_HMS_Beagle\" style=\"color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/286032570_The_fossil_mammals_collected_by_Charles_Darwin_in_South_America_during_his_travels_on_board_the_HMS_Beagle<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Twenty-seven years ago, German researchers discovered the fossil of a 120-million-year-old dinosaur in northern Brazil. In December 2020, a group of scientists confirmed with their publication in Cretaceous Research1 that the fossil is that of the earliest feathered dinosaur (named\u00a0Ubirajara jubatus)\u00a0in the Southern Hemisphere who was not related to birds. The discovery, instead of creating [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2646,"featured_media":33313,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2379,2408,2405],"tags":[2663,2564],"new_categories":[],"new_tags":[],"series":[],"class_list":["post-3896","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-authorship-in-research","category-industry-news","category-industry-trends","tag-authorship","tag-authorship-conflict"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Why is #UbirajaraBelongstoBR still trending on Twitter?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Twenty-seven years ago, German researchers discovered the fossil of a 120-million-year-old dinosaur in northern Brazil. 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