{"id":562,"date":"2015-11-24T09:51:50","date_gmt":"2015-11-24T09:51:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/tips-for-first-time-peer-reviewers-reviewing-a-scientific-manuscript-responsibly\/"},"modified":"2025-01-15T06:42:30","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T06:42:30","slug":"tips-for-first-time-peer-reviewers-reviewing-a-scientific-manuscript-responsibly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/tips-for-first-time-peer-reviewers-reviewing-a-scientific-manuscript-responsibly","title":{"rendered":"Tips for first time peer reviewers: Reviewing a scientific manuscript responsibly"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/accepting-a-peer-review-invitation-tips-for-first-time-peer-reviewers\/\">an earlier post<\/a>, we discussed some of the concerns that first time reviewers have and how they should go about deciding whether to accept a peer review request. Once a researcher decides to become a peer reviewer, it is important for him\/her to understand the responsibilities associated with it.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Responsibilities of a peer reviewer<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">According to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.councilscienceeditors.org\/resource-library\/editorial-policies\/white-paper-on-publication-ethics\/2-3-reviewer-roles-and-responsibilities\/\">the Council of Science Editors\u2019 white paper on publication ethics<\/a>, expectations from peer reviewers extend beyond fairness in judgment and expertise in the field. A peer reviewer\u2019s responsibilities include:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Providing written unbiased feedback in a timely manner about the merits and overall scientific value of the work<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Assessing the composition, scientific accuracy, and originality of the work and its relevance for the target audience and whether the writing is clear and concise<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Providing a thoughtful, fair, constructive, and informative evaluation of the manuscript<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Avoiding personal comments or criticism<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Maintaining the confidentiality of the review process<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Pointing out ethical concerns, such as possible lack of informed consent or duplicate submission to the editor<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">The most difficult aspect of review work is to assess the quality of a manuscript. For one, you have to be completely objective and unbiased in your evaluation. In addition, you need to have the necessary expertise in the field to be able to judge the scientific merit. Finally, you need to have an eye for detail to be able to spot errors, flaws in logic, or weaknesses that may not be very glaring. This can seem to be an extremely challenging task for a first time reviewer. A good way to prepare yourself for your first review is to go through the peer reviewer comments that you have received for your own work. Additionally, go through the journal\u2019s guidelines for peer reviewers to understand if they have any specific reviewing criteria. These will help you get a fair idea of what you need to look for in a manuscript.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"dr-eddy\">\n<p class=\"mb-2\">Do you have any questions related to writing and publishing your research paper?<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"ask btn use-ajax mr-4 mr-lg-0 waves-effect pb-2 pl-3 pr-3 pt-2 white\" href=\"\/insights\/ask-a-question\/nojs\" role=\"button\">Ask a Question<\/a><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Evaluating the manuscript:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Once you receive the manuscript to be peer reviewed, go through it quickly. <a href=\"http:\/\/eloquentscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/PeerReviewArticle_EOS.pdf\">K.A. Nicholas and W. Gordon in their article \u201cA quick guide to writing a solid peer review\u201d<\/a> explain that the first reading should provide you with a broad overview of the quality of content, organization, and writing style of the article. Thomas Wesley Allen, in the article \u201cPeer review guidance: How do you write a good review?\u201d explains that you need to focus on the \u201cbig picture issues\u201d during the first reading.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/jaoa.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2094424\">Here are some of the points that you need to emphasize on at this stage<\/a>:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">How important is the research question?<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Is the research original?<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Is the study relevant to the field of study and the target audience?<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Has the topic been addressed before?<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Does the study add anything new and significant to the existing literature?<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Do the structure and writing style allow readers to have a clear understanding of the research?<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Have ethical concerns (such as conflict of interest, informed consent, etc.) been addressed?<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Make notes as you read; this will ensure that you do not forget any of the points when you actually write the review. Once you are done with the first reading, write a short summary of the main points of the study. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/eloquentscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/PeerReviewArticle_EOS.pdf\" style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">According to Nicholas and Gordon<\/a><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">, at this stage, a reviewer should be able to assess whether the study is publishable in principle. In case there is a major flaw in methodology or presentation that makes it unsuitable for publication, you can conclude your review at this stage, carefully explaining that the article has a fatal flaw, and supporting your statement with evidence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">During the second reading, you should proceed section by section, starting with the abstract, and check whether each section includes all the necessary details. Here are some <a href=\"http:\/\/eloquentscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/PeerReviewArticle_EOS.pdf\">questions that will help you identify what you need to look out for in each section<\/a> of the manuscript:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Does the abstract summarize the main points of the study?<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Does the introduction provide adequate background information?<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Are the hypothesis and statement of purpose clearly stated?<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Is the research design strong enough?<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Have the methods been described in sufficient detail so as to allow replication?<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Are the statistical analyses appropriate?<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Have all results been reported and are the results reasonable?<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Are the author\u2019s interpretations of the results convincing and supported by data?<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Are the information in the tables and figures easy to interpret and do they match the information in the text?<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Has recent and relevant scientific literature been cited?<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Make notes and correct minor errors as you read. Additionally, mark errors as major and minor. This will make your work easier when you write the review report.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Writing the review report:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Once you have completed your evaluation of the manuscript, you can start writing the peer review report. Make sure you have all your notes from the first and second reading in front of you as you write.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Begin your review report with a short summary of your assessment of the manuscript. The summary that you have written after the first reading can serve this purpose.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Give an overview of your impression of the work, whether it will contribute to existing knowledge in the field, and if it will be of interest to the target audience.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">After this, you can move on to comments about specific aspects. It will be helpful to categorize comments into major and minor ones.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Give specific comments and suggestions about the content of each section of the paper as well as about the structure and organization. Provide evidence and examples to support your statement. These will come under major comments.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Write out the minor comments section. These would include minor errors such as incorrect labeling of a figure, spelling or grammatical errors, and stylistic and formatting mistakes.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Do not make harsh or overly critical comments. Remember how it feels when you are at the receiving end of such comments.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Be honest and as constructive as possible. If you are making a criticism, make sure you do so in an encouraging manner and include concrete suggestions to address the problem.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Make a separate list of comments that are meant exclusively for the editor.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">In case you suspect plagiarism, data fabrication, or any other ethical breach, report them to the editor.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Make your recommendation for acceptance, rejection, major or minor revisions to the editor, providing reasons for your opinion.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\">Peer review can be a difficult and demanding task, and does not give immediate benefits to the reviewer. However, the peer review process is what maintains the fairness and integrity scientific research and publication. It is part of your duty, as a member of the scientific community, to keep the process going. Your contribution as a referee will be of immense value to the broader scientific community.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Related course:<\/strong><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/upskill.researcher.life\/product\/course-become-a-great-peer-reviewer-basic-and-advanced\/81?utm_source=website&amp;utm_medium=internal_related_reading&amp;utm_campaign=article\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:11.0pt\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\"><span style=\"line-height:115%\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;\">Become a great peer reviewer! (Basic and Advanced)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In an earlier post, we discussed some of the concerns that first time reviewers have and how they should go about deciding whether to accept a peer review request. Once a researcher decides to become a peer reviewer, it is important for him\/her to understand the responsibilities associated with it. Responsibilities of a peer reviewer [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":33313,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2440],"tags":[2654],"new_categories":[],"new_tags":[],"series":[2808],"class_list":["post-562","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-becoming-a-peer-reviewer","tag-resources-for-peer-reviewers","series-tips-for-first-time-peer-reviewers"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Tips for first time peer reviewers: How to review a scientific manuscript | Editage Insights<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This article lists the main responsibilities of a peer reviewer, explains how a peer reviewer should evaluate a scientific 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