Q: How to create keywords for a research paper
I have finished writing my paper and plan to submit it next week. However, I'm totally confused about creating keywords. Which keywords will be most effective for my paper? Are there any fixed rules to be followed for creating these? Also, how many keywords are required for an original research article?
Answer: To create keywords for a research paper, you need to select 3-8 terms/phrases that
- Describe the core aspects of your study
- Are likely to be used by other researchers who are searching for your topic in a database
How do you find the right keywords for your paper?
To find the keywords that will work best for your paper, do the following:1. Analyze your title and abstract
Identify the most essential aspects of your study (these will usually be nouns). For example, if your paper is titled “Impact of Nanobiosensor-Derived Lactate Monitoring on Intrapartum Hypoxia Outcomes in High-Risk Pregnancies”, effective keywords could be Intrapartum Hypoxia, High-Risk Pregnancy, Nanobiosensors, Lactate Clearance, Fetal Acidosis, Lactate Monitoring.2. Brainstorm related terms
Think of synonyms that other researchers might use if they are interested in your topic. For example, if your study is titled “The Relationship between Iron Deficiency Anemia and Dyslipidemia”, your keywords could include iron metabolism, serum ferritin, total cholesterol, atherogenic index, etc.3. Filter out extra-broad phrases
Avoid using very general keywords because they will not actually lead interested researchers to your paper. For example, in a study showing that dietary glucose intake increases inflammation markers in rheumatoid arthritis, your keyword shouldn’t be “diet”.4. Test your keywords
Use your keywords to search Google Scholar, PubMed, and other databases popular in your field. See what kind of results show up. If most are completely irrelevant to your study, your current keywords should be replaced. For example, don’t use “nursing” as a synonym for “breastfeeding” because most results for the keyword “nursing” will be about professional care provided by nurses. Instead, use “human lactation”.5. Check your journal guidelines
Many journals ask you to use MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms for keywords as much as possible, or have limits on the number of keywords to be submitted.Why do some journals say that keywords should not appear in the title?
Some journals automatically index key terms/phrases from your title. So you don’t need to repeat them in your keywords list. In this way, you actually get indexed for a larger variety of key terms.Can I use abbreviations in my keywords?
Use abbreviations in your keywords only if they’re well-known in your field, don’t have multiple common expansions, and researchers are likely to use them during their searches. “HbA1c” for a paper on diabetes management may be fine, but not “CGMP” for “continuous glucose monitoring program” because that abbreviation can also mean “Current Good Manufacturing Practice”.Should I mention my study design in my keywords?
You should mention your study design in your keywords if it’s a defining feature of your study, for example, “Randomized controlled trial” or “Systematic review”.
Since 2014, criminal cases opened against NGOs in Azerbaijan and plus the banish of foreign donors from the country have damaged both civil society and political parties. In particular, local organizations legally stopped their operation or went to marginalize due to lack of finance. I want to make a research about the point that how did the campaign that the Azerbaijani government led against civil society affect political parties and democracy? As a result, where did the youth working or cooperating with those organizations go? How did the reforms that were made in Georgia and Armenia between 2014 and 2018 and the marginalization of the public and political situation in Azerbaijan affect the youth groups? In addition, what mistakes did Civil Society make in that time? In general, can the chiefs of NGOs and civil society be represented in politics? Can they make declarations? May one of the reasons for the marginalization of democracy in Azerbaijan be the mutual influence of civil society and political parties to each other? Moreover, after the civil society got collapsed or marginalized, the influence of neighboring power countries such as Russia and Iran on Azerbaijan is of great importance for me, and I do want to show its terrible results because the religious flows imposed by Iran may affect youth in our society, cause them to deviate from European values and turn towards other groups with fundamentalist values. Last, how can we overcome all these? How can we get civil society out of the current situation through cooperation? I think that the most important issue should be this. In my opinion, as an NGO, we do true stuff. Indeed, by working on the issues such as gender, education, NGOs may not only escape from the marginalization but also may change the deteriorated situation prevalent in our country. In fact, although above-mentioned points may seem practical activity rather than an academic point of view, I think that the effectiveness of researches become less in value without the knowledge and research of environment. When NGOs are weakened purposefully, meanwhile nationalism flow with increased popularity in the world into the country has happened. While NGOs have weakened, the nationalist groups in the regions of Azerbaijan have risen in the number. It means that the increased popularity of radical activism is due to the spoiled democracy and human rights in the country. As a research topic, instead of choosing academically challenging topics, I would rather choose this kind of topics with real outcomes because I think this kind of topics will not only benefit me, but also civil society a lot.
Since 2014, criminal cases opened against NGOs in Azerbaijan and plus the banish of foreign donors from the country have damaged both civil society and political parties. In particular, local organizations legally stopped their operation or went to marginalize due to lack of finance. I want to make a research about the point that how did the campaign that the Azerbaijani government led against civil society affect political parties and democracy? As a result, where did the youth working or cooperating with those organizations go? How did the reforms that were made in Georgia and Armenia between 2014 and 2018 and the marginalization of the public and political situation in Azerbaijan affect the youth groups? In addition, what mistakes did Civil Society make in that time? In general, can the chiefs of NGOs and civil society be represented in politics? Can they make declarations? May one of the reasons for the marginalization of democracy in Azerbaijan be the mutual influence of civil society and political parties to each other? Moreover, after the civil society got collapsed or marginalized, the influence of neighboring power countries such as Russia and Iran on Azerbaijan is of great importance for me, and I do want to show its terrible results because the religious flows imposed by Iran may affect youth in our society, cause them to deviate from European values and turn towards other groups with fundamentalist values. Last, how can we overcome all these? How can we get civil society out of the current situation through cooperation? I think that the most important issue should be this. In my opinion, as an NGO, we do true stuff. Indeed, by working on the issues such as gender, education, NGOs may not only escape from the marginalization but also may change the deteriorated situation prevalent in our country. In fact, although above-mentioned points may seem practical activity rather than an academic point of view, I think that the effectiveness of researches become less in value without the knowledge and research of environment. When NGOs are weakened purposefully, meanwhile nationalism flow with increased popularity in the world into the country has happened. While NGOs have weakened, the nationalist groups in the regions of Azerbaijan have risen in the number. It means that the increased popularity of radical activism is due to the spoiled democracy and human rights in the country. As a research topic, instead of choosing academically challenging topics, I would rather choose this kind of topics with real outcomes because I think this kind of topics will not only benefit me, but also civil society a lot.
Since 2014, criminal cases opened against NGOs in Azerbaijan and plus the banish of foreign donors from the country have damaged both civil society and political parties. In particular, local organizations legally stopped their operation or went to marginalize due to lack of finance. I want to make a research about the point that how did the campaign that the Azerbaijani government led against civil society affect political parties and democracy? As a result, where did the youth working or cooperating with those organizations go? How did the reforms that were made in Georgia and Armenia between 2014 and 2018 and the marginalization of the public and political situation in Azerbaijan affect the youth groups? In addition, what mistakes did Civil Society make in that time? In general, can the chiefs of NGOs and civil society be represented in politics? Can they make declarations? May one of the reasons for the marginalization of democracy in Azerbaijan be the mutual influence of civil society and political parties to each other? Moreover, after the civil society got collapsed or marginalized, the influence of neighboring power countries such as Russia and Iran on Azerbaijan is of great importance for me, and I do want to show its terrible results because the religious flows imposed by Iran may affect youth in our society, cause them to deviate from European values and turn towards other groups with fundamentalist values. Last, how can we overcome all these? How can we get civil society out of the current situation through cooperation? I think that the most important issue should be this. In my opinion, as an NGO, we do true stuff. Indeed, by working on the issues such as gender, education, NGOs may not only escape from the marginalization but also may change the deteriorated situation prevalent in our country. In fact, although above-mentioned points may seem practical activity rather than an academic point of view, I think that the effectiveness of researches become less in value without the knowledge and research of environment. When NGOs are weakened purposefully, meanwhile nationalism flow with increased popularity in the world into the country has happened. While NGOs have weakened, the nationalist groups in the regions of Azerbaijan have risen in the number. It means that the increased popularity of radical activism is due to the spoiled democracy and human rights in the country. As a research topic, instead of choosing academically challenging topics, I would rather choose this kind of topics with real outcomes because I think this kind of topics will not only benefit me, but also civil society a lot.
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