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Academic Writing

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In writing to academics and scientists, perhaps the solution is simple enough: use Dear Dr Tanaka or Dr Smith or whatever surname or family name your correspondent has…
Scientific communication: Using "Dear Mr." or "Dear Ms." in letters
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Scientific writing often poses a challenge to non-native English authors. While writing papers, authors often face grammatical problems. Let's look closely at one of the…
Scientific writing: "A number of" and "The number of"
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It is rare for a single researcher to publish a paper all by herself or himself; most research papers have several or many authors, and the average number of authors for…
Using "et al." for in-text citations in research papers
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Many non-native English authors wish to improve their fluency in English to write better research papers and target international journals. This article discusses how…
Reading progressively difficult texts can improve researchers' English language competency
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Scientific writing often uses a few Latin phrases, either abbreviated (etc. for et cetera and et al. for et alii) or spelt out (in vitro, in vivo, in situ). Should they…
Latin phrases in scientific writing: italics or not
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Studying English grammar will probably help you eliminate many common errors of grammar from your writing—but it is unlikely that, as a researcher, you will actually…
Scientists who find it difficult to communicate in English would find the series of Web pages under the title "English Communication for Scientists" particularly useful.
A structured course of instruction on communicating in English
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With modern word processors, we no longer have to make do with the same key for lowercase ‘l’ and numeral ‘1’ (as those who have used old portable typewriters may recall…
Using the correct symbols: the degree sign and the multiplication sign
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Among the many ways in which journals differ in the way, they expect authors to format references is the way names of journals are given: whether spelled out in full or…
Handling abbreviations of journal names in references
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Although English uses an elaborate system of tenses, simple past and simple present are the most common tenses in research papers, supplemented by present perfect and…